Abstract: An apparatus capable of being used by a child for the production of rubbings includes a housing which is divided into a first section and a second section. The second section is hinged to the first section. At least two elements are located in the first section. Each of the elements has a plurality of independent surfaces with raised relief indicia located on the surfaces. The elements are rotatably mounted in the first section so as to locate at any one time one of the surfaces on each of the elements in a working plane. Each of the surfaces so located in the working plane is capable of supporting material which is capable of receiving a rubbing. The second section is positionable on the first section in a holding position, so as to hold the material against the surfaces in the working plane during the production of the rubbing. The rubbing is produced by drawing a crayon or the like over the surface of the material to transfer the outline of the raised relief on to the material.

Abstract: A teaching toy has a stop action feature which allows operators of the toy to momentarily stop the action of the toy in order for one of the operators to make a guess as to a question which is being asked by the toy. The teaching toy includes a housing with at least two operator interface members located on the housing. A control mechanism is located in the housing in association with each of the operator interface members. Each of the operator interface members are capable of independently interacting with the control mechanism such that as soon as a first of the operator interface members interacts with the control mechanism, further interaction with subsequent operator interface members is prevented. Interaction of one of the operator interface members with the control mechanism controls the output of an output mechanism which displays a card or the like utilized in a learning process.

Abstract: A fire retardant material is formed by intimately associating the unexpanded form of perlite in association with a permeable mass of silica glass, said association is formed by permeating said perlite into said mass of glass. The composition comprises particles of unexpanded perlite less than 100 mesh and preferredly no larger than 200 mesh and the permeable glass comprises a glass fiber mat. The fire retardant material can be formed as a unified body capable of being applied onto other structural components or alternately, it can be intimately bonded to the surface of structural components as a veneer layer. Upon exposure to combustion temperatures the perlite expands from its unexpanded form to its expanded form at or near the deformation point of the glass mat followed by reaction of the perlite and the glass to form a flame-impenetrable ceramic.

Abstract: A lock for use with a garage door having an automatic garage door opener attached thereto includes a housing which attaches to the garage door. A bracket attaches to the inside of the garage and is positioned such that the housing and the bracket are in close proximity to each other when the garage door is closed. An element is movably mounted on the housing to move between a locked and unlocked position. The automatic garage door opener attaches to the element and is capable of moving both the element between its locked and unlocked positions and moving the garage door via motion imparted to the door via the housing and the element. When the garage door is closed and the element is moved from its unlocked to its locked position the garage door is securely locked against being opened by an outside influence.

Abstract: A pipe clamp is formed with a body and the body includes a wall. The wall is formed as a loop which completely surrounds an aperture except for an interstice opening through the wall into the aperture. The portions of the wall located on either side of the interstice forms first and second wall ends. The body also includes a foot joined to the wall. A discontinuous passageway passes through the first and second wall ends and through the foot. This passageway is capable of receiving an object such as a nail. The size of the nail utilized is such that its length is greater than the length of the passageway such that when the nail is located within the passageway a portion of the nail is capable of holding the first and second wall ends together in fixed association and a further portion of the nail is capable of extending out of the passageway beyond the foot.

Abstract: A device for evaporative cooling of large masses of air suitable for cooling structures utilized to shelter commercial animals, such as cows and the like, includes a member having a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a hollow interior extending between the inlet and outlet. A fan and motor are associated with the inlet for moving air into the inlet creating an air stream within the interior of the member. A plurality of vanes are located within the interior of the member for introducing a torsional component into the air stream passing through the member such that the air stream moves through the member in a spiral pathway. As the air stream spirals through the member, a spray of water is introduced into the member. The spray becomes incorporated into the spirally moving air stream to reduce the temperature of the air stream. After exiting out of the outlet of the member, the air stream is directed toward the animals of commercial interest to cool both the animals and their immediate surroundings.

Abstract: Measurements having physiological significance can be obtained by analyzing radiation which is reflected by an artery of the body. Such measurements are preferably made by immobilizing a part of the body such as the human wrist where an artery extends substantially linearly and is adjacent to and generally parallel with the surface of the skin, by then directing radiation from a radiation source or sending apparatus toward any of several specific locations along the artery at an angle such that some of the radiation will be reflected, and by next measuring the amount of reflected radiation in accordance with time through the use of a receiving or detection apparatus. These locations are specific regions or areas generally along and generally extending transverse to the artery which have been established on the basis of experience as normally being capable of reflecting back at least some radiation in an amount having physiological significance.

Abstract: A Sarrus linkage is a type of folding linkage or structure in which two opposed links are connected by two sets of connecting links, each of which sets includes two separate links. The links of such a linkage are hinged together in such a manner that the entire linkage will fold and unfold as any part of the linkage is moved with respect to the remainder of the linkage. By providing a control link which is pivotally connected to one of the opposed links and a motion transmitting link pivotally connected to the control link and to one of the links of one of the sets, a folding structure can be obtained which can be employed for a variety of useful purposes. Best results are obtained when two of the motion transmitting links are employed, one of the motion transmitting links being pivotally connected between a link of one of the sets and the control link and the other of the motion transmitting means being connected between a link of the other of the sets and the control link.

Abstract: A magnetic amusement device incorporates a housing having a first and second magnetic member movably mounted on the housing. Each of the first and second magnetic members are capable of moving in a pathway with respect to the housing. The pathways of the two magnetic members are located in association with each other such that there is a point of association between the first and the second magnetic member. A ferromagnetic object is utilized in association with the first and second magnetic member such that the ferromagnetic object is capable of being associated with one of the first or second magnetic members as that one member moves in its pathway and when the first and second magnetic members are located at the point of association of the members the ferromagnetic member is capable of becoming disassociated with one of the members and becoming associated with the other of the members.

Abstract: A toy vehicle which is capable of changing both its size and shape has a compound vehicle chassis having a first and a second chassis member. The chassis members are movable with respect to one another. The chassis members are connected together such that they can be moved with respect to one another reversibly between a first position and a second position. The body of the vehicle has at least two independent parts. At least one of these parts is movably associated with one of the chassis members and is movable with respect to both the other of the parts and the chassis member it is associated with. The spatial relationship between the body parts is changeable in conjunction with movement of the chassis members from one of the positions to the other of the positions.

Abstract: Semi-permeable, porous membranes useful as filtration and reverse osmosis membranes can have or can consist of a porous layer of a hydrophobic polymer rendered hydrophilic at its surface by the presence of a surfactant containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, the surfactant being bonded to the polymer. Such a membrane may be made by quenching a previously made dry membrane in a solution of the surfactant and then banking the membrane. Such a membrane may also be made by contacting a membrane manufactured by quenching a dope of the hydrophobic polymer with such a solution of the surfactant prior to the membrance being dried after being formed by quenching. Such a membrane can also be made by forming a dope of the hydrophobic polymer and the surfactant and then quenching the dope to form the membrane, this quenching serving to contact the membrane with the surfactant as it is being formed.

Abstract: A sound producing device for a toy includes a base, and rotatably mounted on the base a rotating member. The rotating member is capable of rotating both clockwise annd counterclockwise. A member is located on the base adjacent to the rotating member such that in response to rotation of the rotating member in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction, respectively, the rotating member contacts and engages the member and moves the member in a first and a second direction, respectively. A noise emitting mechanism is also located on the base and is operatively associated with the member. The noise emitting mechanism is capable of emitting at least two different types of noise.

Abstract: An electric soldering iron having an elongated handle with an electric heating element attached therein and including a removable tip member located to receive heat from the heating element and a holding member to hold the tip relative to the heating element is improved by forming said heating element as an elongated flat blade heating element having a elongated flat planar heated surface. The heating element is so located in the handle to extend outwardly from the handle. The tip member includes a body having an elongated flat planar heat transfer surface which fits against the planar heated surface of the heating element and receives heat therefrom. The tip member further includes an operative tip extending away from the remainder of the tip member. A retaining tube detachably secured at one end to the handle fits over the heating element and tip member and except for its operative tip and maintains them in a fixed relationship with respect to each other and to the handle.

Abstract: A device for producing a random output for use in conjunction primarily with games includes a housing having a first and second wheel each independently mounted within the housing and capable of rotating with respect to the housing. A portion of each of the wheels is exposed outside of the housing such that it can be contacted against a surface and each of the wheels independently rotated with respect to the housing as the housing is moved with respect to the surface. An indicating member is mounted on the housing and is capable of moving between an indicating and a non-indicating position. A first and second control component links the indicating member to the first and second wheel respectively. Depending upon the location of the first and second wheels, the first and second control components both have a release position and a lock position. When both of the control components are in the release position, the indicating member will move to the indicating position.