Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polyketides, host cells that produce the novel compounds, and methods fort their use. The compounds of the present invention are cyclic polyketides (also referred to as a “macrolides” or “macrolactones”) that include as part of their structure and bind to a FK binding protein wherein R4 and R5 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and methoxy, provided that at least one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. As will be explained in greater detail below, the compounds of the present invention have properties such as favorable P450 enzyme activity profiles that are desirable for use of these compounds as drugs.

Abstract: Compounds of the invention include 14-mehtyl epothilone derivatives. More generally, preferred compounds of the invention are those that can be produced by altering the epothilone PKS genes as described herein and optionally by action of epothilone modification enzymes and/or by chemically modifying the resulting epothilones produces when those genes are expressed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polyketides, host cells that produce the novel compounds, and methods fort their use. The compounds of the present invention are cyclic polyketides (also referred to as a “macrolides” or “macrolactones”) that include as part of their structure and bind to a FK binding protein wherein R4 and R5 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, and methoxy, provided that at least one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. As will be explained in greater detail below, the compounds of the present invention have properties such as favorable P450 enzyme activity profiles that are desirable for use of these compounds as drugs.

Abstract: The stereochemical centers of a polyketide can be changed by replacement of ketosynthase domains in the polyketide synthase (PKS) enzyme that produces the polyketide. The specificity of the AT domains of a PKS is determined by a hypervariable region that can be replaced or altered to change the specificity of the AT domain from a naturally occurring extender unit to another naturally or non-naturally occurring extender unit. Non-naturally occurring extender units, including methylmalonyl N-acetyl cysteamine thioester can be incorporated into polyketides in recombinant host cells or in cell-free systems to make polyketides.

Abstract: Facile methods for preparing diketide and triketide thioesters are disclosed. The resulting thioesters may be used as intermediates in the synthesis of desired polyketides, and may contain functional groups which ultimately reside in side chains on the resulting polyketide and thus can be used further to manipulate the polyketide so as form derivatives. The polyketides produced may also be tailored by glycosylation, hydroxylation and the like. New polyketides and their derivatives and tailored forms are thereby produced.

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody which recognizes an antigen of a molecular weight of 40 kD or 80 kD on the surface of tumor vessel endothelial cells, hybridomas producing said monoclonal antibody, pharmaceutical agents comprising said monoclonal antibody, as well as pharmaceutical or diagnostic agents comprising a conjugate of said monoclonal antibody and another conjugating molecule.

Abstract: The present invention is based on peptide binding specificities of HLA DR4w4, DR1 and DR7. Peptides binding to these DR molecules have a motif characterized by a large aromatic or hydrophobic residue in position 1 (Y, F, W, L, I, V, M) and a small, non charged residue in position 6 (S, T, C, A, P, V, I, L, M). In addition, allele-specific secondary effects and secondary anchors are defined, and these results were utilized to derive allele specific algorithms. By the combined use of such algorithms peptides capable of degenerate DR1, 4, 7 binding were identified.

Abstract: Recombinant Myxococcus host cell containing recombinant expression vectors containing epothilone polyketide synthase genes can produce epothilones C and D.

Abstract: A multiple-plasmid system for heterologous expression of polyketides facilitates combinatorial biosynthesis. The method can be extended to any modular polyketide synthase (PKS) or non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and has the potential to produce thousands of novel natural products, including ones derived from further modification of the PKS or NRPS products by tailoring enzymes.

Abstract: Novel Sorangium polyketide synthases, and domains thereof, and polynucleotides encoding therefor. Additionally, chimeric polyketide synthases that include domains, or subsets of domains, patterned on said novel polyketide synthases. Methods to prepare polyketide combinatorial libraries are described, as are recombinant host cells in which polyketides are produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of an organic solution of dialkyl peroxydicarbonate which is particularly suited for use in the aqueous suspension polymerization of halogenated monomers. According to this process, the dialkyl peroxydicarbonate, prepared by the reaction in water of appropriate amounts of alkyl haloformate with an inorganic peroxide, is separated by extraction by means of a water-insoluble organic solvent chosen from conventional chain-regulating agents for halogenated polymers.

Abstract: A complex comprising natamycin complexed to one or more proteins. Processes for producing the same. Compositions containing the same. Use of the complexes as a preventative antifungi treatment for natural products. A method for preventing the infection of a natural product by fungi, the method comprising treating the natural product with the complex.

Abstract: Yields of polyketides produced in host cells such as Streptomyces can be increased by coexpression of the ptpA gene. The introduction of recombinant vectors encoding ptpA and polyketide synthase genes is more efficient and does not require methyl-free DNA if the host cell is a restriction/methylation deficient strain, such as Streptomyces lividans K4-114, K4-155, or K27-39.

Abstract: Domains of epothilone polyketide synthase, and polynucleotides encoding therefor. Additionally, chimeric polyketide synthases that include domains, or subsets of domains, patterned on epothilone polyketide synthase. Methods to prepare epothilone in pharmaceutically useful quantitites are described, as are methods to prepare polyketide combinatorial libraries.

Abstract: Hybrid and novel polyketide synthases and polyketides are produced by use of a multiple vector system. The combinatorial possibilities offered by placing the various catalytic activities of PKS systems on separate vectors permits the construction of improved libraries of PKS and polyketides. In addition, polyketides can be produced in hosts that ordinarily do not produce polyketides by supplying, along with an expression system for the desired PKS, an expression system for holo ACP synthase.

Abstract: Modulators of the immune system can be identified by determining the ability of candidate substances to affect the interaction of PKC-theta or a fragment thereof with its cognate. The interaction can be measured using binding of the cognate as an index, or can be measured using a physiological response.

Abstract: The invention provides methods to deliver macromolecules to hair follicles selectively using formulations of these macromolecules in liposomal separations.

Abstract: Antibodies which bind the surface antigen I/II of Streptococcus sobrinus serotype d and cross react with the surface antigen I/II of Streptococcus mutans serotypes c, e, f and g.

Abstract: A .beta.,.beta.'-dihydroxy meso-substituted chlorin, bacteriochlorin or isobacteriochlorin compound having the formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein M is a metal. A novel method for synthesizing the compound of formula (I) or (II) comprises the steps of:a. osmylating a .beta...beta.'-unsubstituted, meso-substituted porphyrin to form an osmate ester at the .beta.,.beta.'-position, andb. reducing the osmate ester to form the corresponding .beta.,.beta.'-dihydroxy meso-substituted chlorin, bacteriochlorin or isobacteriochlorin of formula (I) or (II).

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a flue gas produced by the combustion of fuel by introducing a nitrogen oxide removal agent into either the nitrogen oxide contaminated flue gas or the fuel to be combusted. The nitrogen oxide removal agent is the reaction product of a carbon compound in a pyrolysis liquor and a nitrogen compound such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or urea. The carbon compound is selected from carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, aldehydes and ketones. The pyrolysis liquor is derived from a feed stock containing cellulose, lignin or starch.