Abstract: A line interfacing apparatus has terminating units connected to lines, a spare terminating unit, a line selector for connecting one of the lines to the spare terminating unit, and a termination controller. The termination controller has switches for switching connections between the terminating units and a switching unit of a higher apparatus. If any one of the terminating units fails, the line selector is controlled to switch the line connected to the failed terminating unit to the spare terminating unit. At the same time, the switches of the termination controller are controlled to supply signals from the spare terminating unit, instead of signals from the failed terminating unit, to the switching unit of the higher apparatus.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for alleviating or managing symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome “PMS” comprising an effective amount of an aqueous mixture of water and a rapidly digestible carbohydrate blend. The aqueous mixture is essentially free of protein and is characterized by a certain pH and ratio of water to carbohydrate blend. Methods of use of the composition for alleviating or managing symptoms associated with PMS are also disclosed.