Abstract: Apparatus and methods for producing urea are provided. In one or more embodiments, an apparatus for producing urea can include a first zone, which can include a first flow channel in fluid communication with a first tube disposed about a first end of a plurality of trays, a second flow channel in fluid communication with a second tube disposed about the first end of the trays and a second end of the trays, and a third flow channel in fluid communication with a third tube disposed about the first and second ends of the trays. The apparatus can include a second zone, which can include a fixed bed comprising one or more inert packing materials disposed therein to provide additional surface area. The apparatus can include a third zone, which can include a plurality of tubes disposed therein. The second zone can be disposed between the first and third zones.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting simultaneous drilling and production are provided. The apparatus can include a ship shape floating vessel, wherein the ship shape floating vessel includes at least two drilling derricks, at least two drilling modules, and at least one production module, all situated on the upper surface of the ship shape floating vessel. The drilling modules are adapted for conducting drilling operations; the production module is adapted for conducting production operations. The apparatus can include at least two marine risers, wherein each marine riser depends from a drilling or production module toward a hydrocarbon bearing zone or sea floor and is adapted for conducting drilling and/or production operations; at least one production turret located on the lower surface of the ship shape floating vessel; and at least one production riser, wherein the production riser depends from the production turret, extends toward the sea floor, and is adapted for conducting production operations.