Abstract: This invention relates to a method and device for measuring the resistivity f materials. In particular, the methods measure resistivity in carbon fiber reinforced composites as well as any materials with a relative magnetic permeability of 1. The measurement may be made with access restricted to a single side of the material under test.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the modulation of a phase conjugate beam. A writing beam is directed incident to a phase conjugate reflector. A modulating beam is also directed incident to the phase conjugate reflector for amplitude modulation of the phase conjugate beam. The modulating beam can also be steerable for effecting the amplitude of the phase conjugate beam according to spatial distribution so as to spatially modulate the phase conjugate beam. The phase conjugate modulation thus can be accomplished by opto-optical means and without modulation of or effect on the incident writing beam.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel having a backlight for providing high brigess, uniformity of illumination intensity, high efficiency, and long battery life, and which can be manufactured at a low cost. The display device includes a liquid crystal display panel, a light source for illuminating the liquid crystal panel, a light passage member which can be formed of a transparent material disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the light source. The light source inlet side of the light passage member is formed with a recess with the thickness being reduced at the region diametrically opposed to the light source. A light reflecting member reflects light from the light source. Within the photoconductor, two or more of the wedged shaped photo conductor can be used for increased area of coverage.

Abstract: A triggerable, high voltage, high current, spark gap switch for use in pu power systems. The device comprises a pair of electrodes in a high pressure hydrogen environment that is triggered by introducing an arc between one electrode and a trigger pin. Unusually high repetition rates may be obtained by undervolting the switch, i.e., operating the trigger at voltages much below the self-breakdown voltage of the device.

Abstract: A process for preparing mullite, 3Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.2SiO.sub.2, whiskers by(1) forming an intimate, anhydrous mixture of AlF.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2 powders in about a 12:13 molar ratio;(2) heating the mixture in an anhydrous, SiF.sub.4 atmosphere at about 700.degree. C. to about 950.degree. C. to form barlike crystalline topaz, Al.sub.2 (SiO.sub.4)F.sub.2 ; and(3) heating the barlike crystalline topaz under anhydrous conditions in a SiF.sub.4 atmosphere at a temperature of from about 1150.degree. C. to about 1400.degree. C. to produce mullite whiskers.The mullite whiskers produced can be used in ceramic and metal matrices without further chemical treatment.

Abstract: A process for preparing mullite whiskers by(1) forming an anhydrous, intimate, uniform mixture of AlF.sub.3, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and fused SiO.sub.2 powders in an amount selected to produce stoichiometric mullite or a solid solution of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in stoichiometric mullite;(2) heating the mixture in anhydrous SiF.sub.4 atmosphere at a temperature of from about 700.degree. to about 950.degree. C. to form barlike topaz crystals;(3) heating the barlike topaz in an anhydrous SiF.sub.4 atmosphere a a temperature of from about 1150.degree. C. to about 1700.degree. C. to produce the mullite whiskers.

Abstract: An eye protection or equipment filter device for protection from laser eny is disclosed. The device may be in the form of a telescope, binoculars, goggles, or constructed as part of equipment such as image intensifiers or range designators. Optical elements focus the waist of the beam within a nonlinear frequency-doubling crystal or nonlinear optical element or fiber. The nonlinear elements produce a harmonic outside the visible spectrum in the case of crystals, or absorb the laser energy in the case of nonlinear fibers. Embodiments include protectors for the human eye as well as filters for sensitive machinery such as TV cameras, FLIR systems or other imaging equipment.

Abstract: Magnetic energy is converted into mechanical energy by applying a changing agnetic field to a rare earth alloy of the formula Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x at a temperature in the range of about 0.degree. K. to 170.degree. K., wherein x and the operating temperature are selected to minimize the basal plane anisotropy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Bloch-line memory element and a nonvolatile RAM memory using such a Bloch-line memory element. The Bloch-line memory element comprises a planar magnetic memory element having magnetic domains separated by a wall which contains a Bloch-line disposed within the individual memory element. Coincident write lines interact with the magnetic element for writing a Bloch-line to a predetermined area within the memory element. For sensing the presence or absence of a Bloch-line within the predetermined area, one write conductor and a sense line are used for determining the logic state of the particular memory element. A plurality of memory elements are disposed in an address matrix and can be selected for reading from or writing to the particular Bloch-line RAM memory element for determining or writing bits of words.

Abstract: In a process for preparing an infrared sentitive photodiode comprising the teps of:(1) forming by vacuum deposition an epitaxial layer of a semiconductor alloy material selected from the group consisting of PbSe, PbTe, PbSe.sub.x Te.sub.1-x, Pb.sub.y Sn.sub.1-y Se, Pb.sub.y Sn.sub.1-y Te, Pb.sub.y Sn.sub.1-y Se.sub.x Te.sub.1-x, Pb.sub.z Cd.sub.1-z Se, Pb.sub.z Cd.sub.1-z Te, and Pb.sub.z Cd.sub.1-z Se.sub.x Te.sub.1-x, wherein 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and 0<z<1, to cover at least a portion of the surface of a substrate composed of an infrared transparent single crystal material selected from the group consisting of(a) alkali metal halides and(b) alkaline earth halides;(2) coating the epitaxial layer of semiconductor alloy material with a thin layer of a lead halide selected from the group consisting of PbCl.sub.2, PbBr.sub.2, PbF.sub.

Abstract: A device to protect electromagnetic devices and the method to manufacture e device is disclosed. The novel structure is inherently immune to sinusoidal radio frequency (RF) radiation, and also offers protection against stray signals induced by RF arcing. A main feature is the monolithic construction which reduces dramatically the coupling area for direct RF radiation. An oxide layer is thermally grown on a silicate substrate to form a dielectric, then a resistive layer of nichrome is sputtered to form a heating element. This process places the resistive bridgewire in direct contact with distributed capacitance.

Abstract: A process for recrystallizing crude, rod-like or jagged crystals of 3-nit1,2,4-triazol-5-one into spheroidal crystals by using low molecular weight alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol).

Abstract: The shelf life of electrochemically prepared AgO cathodes is improved by reasing the temperature of anodization step to about 70.degree. C. or higher. At these elevated temperatures the capacity of the AgO electrode can also be increased by using a charge-discharge-charge regime.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical beam deflector, beam modulator and beam shaper using a Raman-Nath diffraction methodology generated by a plurality of writing laser beams focused onto a bulk optical material having anisotropic optical characteristics for deflection, modulation, and shaping of a beam of light incident to the diffraction grating. The writing laser beams are split from a turnable laser source and the choice of the desired operational characteristic, i.e. deflector, modulator, and shaper are chosen by selective manipulation of the source beam and the derived split beams.

Abstract: A compass system and method incorporating a global positioning system (GP such as the NAVSTAR/GPS multi-satellite system, is configured to acquire accurate compass heading information without being affected by magnetic anomalies and without being dependent on the elapsed time since a previous position fix. The compass system comprises, inter alia, two antenna/preamplifiers located, for example, fore and aft a ship or aircraft separated by a predetermined distance d. A microprocessor/minicomputer portion of the system causes an electronic coaxial switch to switch a GPS receiver between the two antenna/preamplifiers automatically thereby measuring their absolute positions. The microprocessor/minicomputer computes and displays on a display unit a compass heading based on the knowledge of the absolute positions of the antenna/preamplifiers and the distance d therebetween.

Abstract: A device for perforating material and a method of stand-off drilling using a laser. In its basic form a free-running laser beam creates a melt on the target and then a Q-switched short duration pulse is used to remove the material through the creation of a laser detonation wave. The advantage is a drilling/cutting method capable of working a target at lengthy stand-off distance. The device may employ 2 lasers or a single one operated in a free-running/Q-switched dual mode.

Abstract: In a process for preparing an infrared sentitive photodiode comprising the teps of:(1) forming by vacuum deposition an epitaxial layer of a semiconductor alloy material selected from the group consissting of PbSe, PbTe, PbSe.sub.x Te.sub.1-x, Pb.sub.y Sn.sub.1-y Se, Pb.sub.y Sn.sub.1-y Te, Pb.sub.y Sn.sub.1-y Se.sub.x Te.sub.1-x, Pb.sub.z Cd.sub.1-z Se, Pb.sub.z Cd.sub.1-z Te, and Pb.sub.z Cd.sub.1-x Se.sub.x Te.sub.1-x, wherein 0<x<1, 0<y<1, and 0<z-1, to cover at least a portion of the surface of a substrate composed of an infrared transparent single crystal material selected from the group consisting of(a) alkali metal halides and(b) alkaline earth halides;(2) coating the epitaxial layer of semiconductor alloy material with a thin layer of a lead halide selected from the group consisting of PbCl.sub.2, PbBr.sub.2, PbF.sub.

Abstract: A hydrocyclone having an inlet opening toward its upper part. A hollow ro inside the upper part of the cyclone has a bottom end. An accepts removal tube has an entrance opening that projects up inside the hollow rotor and the bottom end portion of the rotor overlaps the accepts removal tube a short distance below the entrance opening. This defines sharp direction changes in the flow path of stock past the outside of the rotor to the entrance opening of the accepts removal tube. Conveyor ribs may be defined on the exterior and on the inner wall of the drum. Annular thickenings at the bottom of the drum and at the exterior of the accepts removal tube near the entrance opening constrict the pathway for the stock and enhance separation of heavy materials from the stock.

Abstract: A process for recrystallizing crude, rod-like or jagged crystals of 3-nit1,2,4-triazol-5-one into spheroidal crystals by using water containing from 0.01 to 0.20 weight percent of a fluorochemical surfactant and from 0.01 to 0.20 weight percent of methyl cellulose.

Abstract: Energetic dihydroxy-terminated copolyformals which are formed from formalyde and fluorodiol and nitrodiol comonomers where the fluorodiol is HOCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CF(CF.sub.3)OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 OCF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.4 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.6 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.8 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 (CF.sub.2).sub.10 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, or mixtures thereof, and the nitro diol is HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH, HOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(NO.sub.2)CH.