Abstract: A process for upgrading unconventional or heavy oils such as, tar sands, shale oil, or bitumen. This process may include a coking scheme in which oil-containing solids, of suitable size, are fed directly into the riser of an FCC unit. Contacting a hot stream of solids causes vaporization and produces a gaseous product stream. The gaseous product may be separated out in a separating vessel and coked or unconverted oil-containing solids may be transferred to a gasifier for combustion at high temperatures to remove the coke and residual oil. Syngas from the gasifier may be converted to hydrogen using a water gas shift reaction. The hydrogen may be used for hydroprocessing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for removing nitrogen compounds from an alkylation substrate such as benzene. A conventional adsorbent bed can be used to adsorb basic organic nitrogen compounds and a hot adsorbent bed of acidic molecular sieve can adsorb the weakly basic nitrogen compounds such as nitrites. Water facilitates the adsorption of the weakly basic nitrogen compounds. Running an alkylation substrate stream from a fractionation column of elevated temperature and suitable water concentration to the hot adsorbent bed may be advantageous.