Abstract: A steam foam method of recovering hydrocarbons from an underground hydrocarbon formation, which comprises injecting steam through an injection well into the formation, injecting an aqueous solution having a salinity greater than about 1% by weight and a pH of about 8 to about 12, comprising about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of a fatty acid salt having about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, and injecting steam into the formation to sweep hydrocarbons towards the production well for recovery.

Abstract: A mild hydrocracking process for the hydrodemetallation (HDM), hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydroconversion (HC) of hydrocarbon feedstocks such as residuum feedstocks which provides increased conversion of heavy hydrocarbons boiling above 1000.degree. F. into products boiling below 1000.degree. F. as well as increased yields of middle distillates is disclosed. The process utilizes a catalyst comprising about 1.0 to about 6.0 wt. % of an oxide of a Group VIII metal, about 12.0 to about 25.0 wt. % of an oxide of molybdenum and 0 to about 5.0 wt. % of an oxide of phosphorus supported on a porous support comprising precipitated alumina or silica-containing alumina and dealuminated Y-zeolite.

Abstract: A separator apparatus for breaking emulsions, particularly an emulsion formed of the hydrocarbon liquid and an aqueous solution, wherein the emulsion is introduced to a main separating tank. The latter includes at least one inlet for introducing emulsion, and a separate discharge port for conducting hydrocarbon-free aqueous component from the tank. An overflow trough positioned near the tank proportion includes a stripping weir which passes the flow of the hydrocarbon which has floated to the surface of the heavier water component. Emulsion flow to the tank is controlled by a flow regulator comprised primarily of a water level sensing means.

Abstract: An extractive distillation agent consisting essentially of a mixture of triethylene glycol with a lower boiling cosolvent selected from the group consisting of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, tertiary butyl alcohol and ethylene glycol is fed to an extractive distillation column used for the distillation of propylene oxide contaminated with water, acetone and methanol to obtain an overhead distillate fraction consisting of essentially anhydrous propylene oxide contaminated with reduced quantities of acetone and methanol, and a heavier bottoms distillation fraction containing substantially all of the extractive distillation agent, water and acetone and some of the methanol introduced into the distillation column.

Abstract: Hydrodesulfurization of a cracked naphtha is effected in the presence of, as catalyst, an alkali metal, a metal of Group VIII, and a metal of Group VI-B on an alumina support containing a hydrotalcite-like composition.

Abstract: Pairs of isolation members are mounted externally on casing pipe to define isolation zones. The zones are places into communication by bypass means external to the casing and penetrating the isolation members. Consolidation material is flowed through the bypass means to successively fill the isolated zones.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method wherein t-butanol is reacted with methanol in one step to provide methyl t-butyl ether at a temperature of about 20.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. and a pressure of about atmospheric to about 1000 psig employing a heterogenous catalyst comprising a Group IV oxide having an alkylsulfonic acid covalently bonded thereto, particularly alkylsulfonic acid covalently bonded to silica gel and having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and n is an integer in the range of 3 to 10.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a soil stabilization process in which soil particles comprising the soil surfaces to be stabilized are contacted or treated with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, such as sodium silicate, and a carbonate reactant or gelling agent selected from the group consisting of an alkylene carbonate, such as ethylene carbonate, a polyester polycarbonate and mixtures thereof. This invention also relates to soil stabilized by admixture with (1) an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate and (2) the carbonate reactant.

Abstract: A process for recovery of molybdenum from residual fractions derived from an epoxidation reaction of propylene with tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in liquid phase with tertiary butyl alcohol, in the presence of soluble molybdenum, which process comprises:Fractionating epoxidation reaction product for obtaining a liquid fraction containing essentially all molybdenum from the reaction product;Contacting the liquid fraction with anhydrous ammonia for forming a precipitate containing the major portion of the molybdenum and a liquid phase containing 500 ppm or less molybdenum;Separating the liquid phase from the precipitated solid;Evaporating the liquid phase under conditions of elevated temperatures and reduced pressure in the presence of 1 to 3% water for separation into an evaporator overhead vapor essentially free of molybdenum and an evaporator concentrate comprising essentially all of the molybdenum fed to the evaporator;Rapidly cooling evaporator concentrate from about evaporation temperature to about room te

Abstract: The invention is a method for increasing the effectiveness of steam or carbon dioxide foaming operations for improving conformance during steam or carbon dioxide floods by adding to the surfactant foaming solution an alcohol having about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in a concentration such that the ratio of alcohol to surfactant in the foaming solution is between about 1:6 and about 1:2.

Abstract: A method and apparatus allowing sequential production from layers in a well uses a pair of vertically spaced production assemblies formed by packer seal assembly above a respective screen assembly. The production assemblies are spaced on a production pipe string to be substantially aligned with zones to be produced. Isolation tubing allows the lower zone to be produced to depletion when the tubing is then plugged, perforated and the upper zone produced.

Abstract: A process for hydrodewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock boiling above about 350.degree. F. by contacting the feedstock and hydrogen at a hydrogen pressure of from about 300 to about 2000 psig at a temperature of 400.degree. to 900.degree. F. and at a space velocity of about 0.1 to about 10.0 LHSV with a catalyst comprising about 0.1 to about 23 wt. % of an oxide of a Group VIII metal, such as nickel, or an oxide of a Group VIB metal, such as molybdenum; supported on a porous alumina support containing about 50 to about 85 wt. % of a crystalline alumino-silicate zeolite of the ZSM-5 type based on the weight of the support. The catalyst is further characterized by having greater than 60% of the pore volume between 45-600 Angstroms in the 70-200 Angstrom range. The process is especially useful for dewaxing lubricating oil basestocks.

Abstract: An electric discharge machine fluid has been discovered. The fluid comprises a naphthene oil and 0.15 to 0.50 wt % 1,6-hexamethylene bis(3,5-ditertiarybutyl-4-hydroxycinnamate). The fluid was found to increase the breakdown voltage of the fluid and to stabilize oxidative deterioration.

Abstract: A method of recovering polychlorinated biphenyls from solution, which comprises a multi-step method of mixing and reacting an alkali metal or alkaline earth hydroxide in glycol solution with polychlorinated biphenyls in non-aqueous solvent to form biphenyl phenoxy-type anions, separating the glycol solution containing biphenyl phenoxy-type anions from the non-aqueous solvent, and separating the biphenyl phenoxy-type anions from the glycol solution.

Abstract: Abundant low cost low rank coal may now be gasified by partial oxidation or burned in a furnace or boiler. About 30 to 45 parts by wt. of comminuted low rank coal is mixed and reacted in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator with a free-oxygen containing gas and (a) about 1 to 3 parts by wt. of a residual fuel oil, and (b) about 70 to 55 parts by wt. of water. The hot effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas from the partial oxidation gasifier may be purified to provide a gas stream which will not pollute the environment.

Abstract: Water soluble polyamides may be produced by reacting two different dicarboxylic acids with at least one low molecular weight poly(alkylene glycol) diamine and at least one relatively high molecular weight polyoxyalkylene diamine. One dicarboxylic acid may be of low molecular weight, such as adipic acid and the other of relatively high molecular weight such as C.sub.36 dimer acid. In one embodiment, some dimer acid proportion is preferred. The poly(alkylene glycol) diamine may include triethylene glycol diamine and tetraethylene glycol diamine. The polyoxyalkylene diamine should have at least some ethylene oxide residue therein; for example it may be a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene diamine. The resulting polyamides have a desirable combination of properties, including high strength with water solubility, the latter making the materials easier to work with and very useful.

Abstract: Bicyclo[4.3.0]1,4,7-triazanony-6-ene-5-one may be made easily, in good yield and in one step by reacting diethyl oxalate with a diethylene triamine. The bicyclo[4.3.0]1,4,7-triazanon-6-ene-5-one material made by this process may be used to selectively separate metal ions from solution, or complexed together with a metal ion act as a catalyst. Surprisingly, related bicyclic triazines do not show the ability to complex with metal ions and precipitate them from solution.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a mixture of:a) phenolphthaleins-s-triazines;b) phenolphthalides-s-triazines;c) 9,9-bis-(4-hydroxy phenyl)fluorene -triazines;d) 3,6-dihydroxyspiro[fluorene-9,9-xanthane]-s-triazines;e) 10,10-bis-(4-hydroxyl phenyl)anthrone-s-triazines; andf) 9,9,10,10-tetrakis-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-anthracene -s-triazines.

Abstract: A coke shield is mounted on a reactor cyclone outlet tube spaced above the roof of the cyclone body so as to protect a vent orifice between the cyclone roof and outlet tube from clogging with debris. The coke shield is also provided with a plurality of apertures to prevent any pressure unbalance in the system.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbons from underground formations by employing a modified inverted 5-spot well pattern, which comprises drilling four substantially horizontal wells located along each of the four sides of an inverted 5-spot vertical well pattern, injecting an oil recovery fluid through the central injection well, producing hydrocarbons and other fluids through the vertical corner production wells, ceasing production through the vertical corner wells, and producing hydrocarbons and other fluids through the horizontal wells.