Abstract: An improved method for positioning a workpiece having at least one marking in a charged-particle beam apparatus relative to either a scanning field or a mask and in which a scanning beam linearly scans the workpiece and a signal is generated by the scanning and controls a writing beam which travels across the screen of a display means. The improvement of the invention comprises the step of scanning the workpiece with the scanning beam successively in opposite directions at the same velocity. The writing beam travels across the screen of the display means in response to the scanning in the same direction once for each scan of the workpiece by the scanning beam in a definite phase relationship to the scanning beam. The scanning of the workpiece generates two signals in response thereto and the positions of the two signals, which are displayed on the display means, are adjusted so that the signals are brought into coincidence.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are described herein for positioning the pile threads found on textile webs manufactured from synthetic fibers which become pliable upon exposure to heat. Means are provided for first routing the textile web through heating means which generally would be a hot water bath. The pile threads are softened by the heat of the hot water bath and become sufficiently pliable as to enable them to assume any position. Because of their buoyancy in water the pile threads tend to orientate themselves perpendicular to the web backing. In order to maintain the pile threads perpendicular until given a chance to cool, the web is removed from the heating apparatus in substantially a horizontal plane. Suction means are provided to cool the textile web as it leaves the heating portion of the apparatus thereby speeding up the set time of the piles. The suction means can also be used to remove a substantial portion of the hot water saturating the textile web.

Abstract: A contact arrangement for a pressurized-gas circuit braker, wherein the contact arrangement comprises a first tubular contact member and a second tubular contact member axially arranged therewith. The contact arrangement is further provided with a hollow cylinder means of ferromagnetic material which is arranged in the interior of the first tubular member and is formed from a multiplicity of laminated metal washers which are insulated from one another and are arranged axially with respect to the first tubular member.

Abstract: A digital keying system for an electronic musical instrument, such as an electronic organ, comprises a digital percussion generator which synchronizes the operation of a variable attentuator with the zero crossings of a sine wave signal applied to the input of the attenuator from a waveform generator. Pulses from a rhythm generator are applied to a coincidence gating circuit along with pulses corresponding the zero crossings of the sine wave signal from the waveform generator to synchronize the stepped operation of the variable attenuator with the zero crossings of the sine wave signal applied to it.

Abstract: Upon a stop command, the current conducting state of the main valves and the recovery valves of an inverter with bridged valves is monitored. A change of the firing pulses for the main valves is blocked if the valves connected to one d-c bus of the inverter conduct current simultaneously. After a predetermined time has passed or upon the arrival of a monitoring signal that the current in the inverter is extinguished, the transmission of the firing pulses to the controlled main valves of the inverter is then blocked.

Abstract: In order to control a variable of a control system depending on a plurality of control inputs to minimize an error function, one control input at a time is, at regular intervals, varied step by step in the same direction until the sign of the differential quotient with respect to time of the absolute value of the error between a predetermined desired value and the actual value of the variable has changed from minus to plus, whereupon the same control input is varied in steps in the opposite direction, with the remaining control inputs varied in the same manner cyclically and sequentially after a respective predetermined number of such sign reversals.

Abstract: Reading and recording apparatus for cards having at least one magnetic track in which the card is held stationary and a magnetic head suspended in gimbals is utilized to read or write upon the card.

Abstract: An arrangement for sealing a button-type electric cell. Such a cell comprises a metal cup which contains a first electrode, and a metal cap which forms a cover to the cup and which contains a second electrode of opposite polarity. The rim of the cup is turned down over a seal disposed on the rim of the cap. A metal ring which has a cylindrical portion in contact with the inner face of the cylindrical wall of the cup, an intermediate portion which has a stair-case or an oblique cross-section and an annular portion which is orthogonal to the cylindrical portion is disposed in the cup, these latter two portions making it possible to compress the seal against the cylindrical wall of the cup.

Abstract: In a grooved drum with a working drum surface of metal consisting of a cylindrical inner drum on which at least one ribbon is helically wound, turn by turn, the radially outer boundary of which forms the working drum surface, the ribbon also forming axially extending circumferential grooves, a wire, radially spaced from the working drum circumference is wound between the turns of the ribbon to hold them at an axial spacing.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for producing a cross sectional image of a body using a method where the distribution of the attenuation coefficients of ionizing rays passing through the body in a cross sectional plane is derived using a convolution method, in which a plurality of convolution kernels are permanently stored for use as desired and measured data obtained and convoluted therewith after which values are added and displayed on a display device permitting different settings of image constrast to thereby harmonize the cross sectional image of the body.

Abstract: Liquified coal fuel is maintained in a liquified state by surrounding the injection pump, injection nozzle, suction line, pressure line and overflow line with jackets through which a heating medium is passed. The jackets surrounding the suction line, overflow line and pressure line are corrugated for expansion and are connected via bellows-like sealing bodies and flanges to the jacket surrounding the pump housing. Outlets are provided for leakage and are connected to separators to remove the fuel from the heating medium.

Abstract: An arc furnace has an arcing electrode through which a feeding passage is formed for feeding metal oxide particles through an arc and to a melt in the furnace. The arc is powered by DC power with the electrode cathodic and the melt anodic. Carbon is fed as required to reduce the oxides. Electric currents passing through the melt and the arc to the electrode are capable of causing magnetic forces forcing the arc to acquire an angular deflection in a downward direction away from alignment with the electrode's outer periphery and towards the side wall of the furnace in one direction subst antially continuously, during continuous operation of the furnace. Means are provided for electromagnetically causing the arc to continuously rotate, with its deflection, around the electrode.

Abstract: A method of applying a band-type crack arrestor to a pipeline formed from a plurality of sections of pipe connected together end-to-end relation comprising placing the arrestor over the outer diameter of a pipe section and applying radial force to the inner diameter of the pipe section to engage the arrestor in a substantially stress free tight fit.

Abstract: A disconnect switch for use with a metal-encapsulated high-voltage switching installation wherein the switch comprises a movable switching pin and a mating contact axially associated therewith. The switch is further provided with a tube of insulating material arranged in surrounding sliding relationship to the switching pin and with a spring means braced against the pin for applying a force to the tube. Latching means is also provided for latching the tube against the force of the spring means in the on and off positions of the switch. The latter means further cooperates with an unlatching means which, during the course of the movement of the switching pin to close the switch, releases the latching means, thereby causing the tube to bridge the gap between the mating contact and the pin before the latter elements make metallic contact.

Abstract: A scanning transmission-type electron microscope including an annular-shaped detector disposed concentrically with respect to the optical axis of the microscope behind a specimen along the microscope beam path, and means for amplifying output signals generated by the detector. The detector comprises a scintillation detector and the microscope includes a photoelectron multiplier coupled to the detector and disposed outside the microscope beam. A curved light guide is also coupled to the detector and the photoelectron multiplier and includes a canal which extends through the light guide along the microscope axis for permitting the passage of a central ray cone of the electron beam of the microscope through the light guide.

Abstract: An excitation winding arrangement is provided for a synchronous electric machine having a rotor with shoeless, salient poles wherein the excitation windings are secured by slot wedges in gaps defined by the poles. Theexcitation winding arrangement includes coils which define the excitation winding and are formed by flat conductors. The flat conductors, either singly or in bundles, are held in spaced relation by respective combs at the bottom of the slots and under the slot wedge to form cooling ducts to achieve good air cooling of the excitation winding in the region of the pole gap.

Abstract: Articles made of ferrous, non-ferrous and light metals and alloys thereof, e.g., aluminum, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, steel, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zinc and their alloys, are pretreated before coating and surface finishing in an anhydrous, inert, aprotic liquid, and subsequently electroplated with aluminum, cadmium, indium or zinc in an aprotic organo-metal electrolyte essentially free of molecular oxygen and water and, optionally, additionally finished by anodizing, chemical oxidation or diffusion. The pretreatment may be by erosion with finely-divided abrasive particles suspended in such liquid and impinged upon the surface of the article by hydraulic jetting, or with an aprotic liquid by the liquid-drop erosion method. Alternatively, the pretreatment may be by electrolytic action in a circuit where the article serves as the anode and is immersed in an anhydrous, aprotic electrolyte.

Abstract: The connecting piece is formed with a substantially flat planar flange to fit about a longitudinally extending slot in the rounded air conditioning duct. Due to the absence of any significant curvature of the duct in the area of the slot, the flat flange requires no rounding to conform to the curvilinear periphery of the air conditioning duct. The connecting piece also has a body of tapering shape which extends from the flange to a rounded connecting pipe.

Abstract: The exhaust valve is provided with an air gap which extends axially of a sleeve-like member to which the hot exhaust gases from the combustion chamber passes. The air gap serves to impede heat exchange between the coolant which cools the valve seat surface of the sleeve-like member and the hot gases passing over the inner surface of the sleeve-like member.

Abstract: The supplied strand is provided with a permanent twist due to the rotating balloon and a superimposed false twist due to a false twist device prior to winding onto the bobbin package. Prior to winding on the package, the false twist is eliminated so that the resultant roving has relatively high breaking strength for handling purposes while remaining draftable.The false twist device is located between the delivery rolls and spindle to rotate coaxially around the spindle and may be driven by the balloon or by a positive drive.