Abstract: A three-dimensional object folded from a flat work piece, particularly a filter element folded from a nonwoven fabric, characterized in that the three-dimensional object (20) is made up of several rows (5, 6, 7) of hollow pyramid elements (30) that are joined in rows and nested into one another.

Abstract: In a device for optical coupling of a solid-state laser to an optical fiber, an anamorphic lens system is arranged between the output face of the solid-state laser and the input face of the optical fiber, the lens system converting differing apertures in the main sections of the solid-state laser into essentially identical apertures at the input face of the optical fiber. The lens system is composed of one anamorphic lens applied on the output face and a further lens applied on the input face.

Abstract: Carbonaceous particles and carbonaceous fibers whose surfaces are covered with a boron nitride thin film, wherein the atomic concentration of boron C(B), the atomic concentration of carbon C(C) and the atomic concentration of nitrogen C(N) satisfy the following inequalities: 0.05<C(B)/(C(B)+C(C)+C(N))<0.3 0.05<C(N)/(C(B)+C(C)+C(N))<0.3 in the surface region as measured by photoelectron spectroscopy. Also, lithium secondary batteries which employ these carbonaceous particles and carbonaceous fibers as negative electrode active materials.

Abstract: A self-test device for memory arrangements, decoders or the like for use during on-line operation, the word lines and/or the column lines of a memory matrix being connected to a check matrix. An error detector which generates an error signal if more than one line is activated simultaneously is connected to the check matrix. Since multiple word lines or column lines are activated in the decoder for most errors which occur, a simple self-test can be performed during on-line operation by this check matrix which can be implemented in a relatively simple and cost-effective manner.

Abstract: A device for measuring a powdered or granular product includes a product receptacle having an open end, a side wall surrounding the open end and a sealing member disposed opposite the open end and coupled to the side wall. The side wall is coupled to the sealing member so that product received in the receptacle can leave the receptacle only through the open end. The device further includes a handle extending, a first end of which is coupled to the side wall so that a consumer of the product may rotate the handle from an initial position for packing the measuring device and the product into the package to a measuring position for measuring desired quantities of the product. When in the initial position, the handle extends from the side wall substantially parallel to the first direction and, when in the measuring position, the handle extends away from the side wall in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: According to the invention, a buffer capacitor (4) is connected, on the one hand, via a series controller (5) limiting the charging voltage of the buffer capacitor (4), to supply voltage terminals (2, 3) and, on the other hand, via a voltage stabilizing circuit (6), to lead terminals (1a, 1b) of the electronic device (1). Thus the buffer capacitor (4) can be charged to a charging voltage which is clearly above the operating voltage of the electronic device (1), so that the period until the minimum operating voltage of the electronic device (1) is reduced, is lengthened. In addition, a constant operating voltage is available for the electronic device (1).

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for detecting ground leaks and includes two identical synchronous machines coupled to the rotor of a brushlessly excited synchronous machine. One of the identical machines is built as an outer-pole machine and the other as an inner-pole machine. The stator winding of the outer-pole machine is supplied with a constant direct current and its rotor winding is connected through a rectifier bridge to be between ground and the neutral point of the rotor of the brushlessly excited synchronous machine. The rectifier feeds the rotor winding of the inner-pole machine, and the voltage measured at the stator winding of the latter is a measure of the insulation resistance in the rotor circuit of the brushless synchronous machine.