Abstract: For signaling detection using an adaptive threshold, the channel condition observed by a signaling bit (e.g., a paging indicator bit) is estimated (e.g., by a pilot strength estimate). A metric for the signaling bit is computed based on recovered symbols for the signaling bit and the estimated channel condition. An adaptive threshold is selected based on the estimated channel condition. A decision is derived for the signaling bit based on the metric, the adaptive threshold, and the estimated channel condition. Multiple threshold values may be derived for the adaptive threshold for multiple ranges of estimated channel condition, one threshold value for each range. A look-up table stores the threshold values and provides the proper adaptive threshold value for any given estimated channel condition.

Abstract: Tandem-free vocoder operations (TFO) between non-compatible communication systems may be enabled through hardware modifications at communication elements within each system. In one aspect, each infrastructure entity in System 1 comprises an intra-system TFO Frame Generator G1, an intra-system TFO Frame Extractor E1, and a TFO Frame Extractor E2 of System 2, which is non-compatible to System 1. Each infrastructure entity in System 2 comprises an intra-system TFO Frame Generator G2, an intra-system TFO Frame Extractor E2, and a TFO Frame Extractor E1 of System 1.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented to optimize the likelihood of a successful acquisition of frame timing information of an asynchronous base station by providing a mechanism that copes with short-term degradations caused by a dynamic radio environment. An acquisition search is performed in a plurality of stages, wherein a declaration indicating a failure at a stage is delayed through the use of a verification stage. The verification stage can be repeated a variable number of times. The number of repetitions of the verification stage can be dependent upon the stage at which the failure occurred. Declaration of failure occurs only after the predetermined number of verification searches have been performed.

Abstract: Tandem-free vocoder operations (TFO) between non-compatible communication systems may be enabled through hardware modifications at communication elements within each system. In one aspect, each infrastructure entity in System 1 comprises an intra-system TFO Frame Generator G1, an intra-system TFO Frame Extractor E1, and a TFO Frame Extractor E2 of System 2, which is non-compatible to System 1. Each infrastructure entity in System 2 comprises an intra-system TFO Frame Generator G2, an intra-system TFO Frame Extractor E2, and a TFO Frame Extractor E1 of System 1.

Abstract: Automatic white balance of captured images can be performed based on a gray world assumption. Initially, a flat field gray image is captured for one or more reference illuminations. The statistics of the captured gray image are determined and stored for each reference illumination during a calibration process. For each subsequent captured image, the image is filtered to determine a subset of gray pixels. The gray pixels are further divided into a one or more gray clusters. The average weight of the one or more gray clusters is determined and a distance from the average weights to the reference illuminants is determined. An estimate of the illuminant is determined depending on the distances. White balance gains are applied to the image based on the estimated illuminant.

Abstract: A method of processing an image includes selecting, for each of a plurality of picture element values in at least a portion of the image, one among a plurality of offset values. For each of the plurality of picture element values, an index value is obtained based on (A) the selected offset value and (B) a portion of the picture element value. For each of the plurality of picture element values, an entry is retrieved from a lookup table according to the corresponding index value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for reducing the number of bits needed to represent an excitation waveform. An acoustic signal in an analysis frame is analyzed to determine whether it is a band-limited signal. A sub-sampled sparse codebook is used to generate the excitation waveform if the acoustic signal is a band-limited signal. The sub-sampled sparse codebook is generated by decimating permissible pulse locations from the codebook track in accordance with the frequency characteristic of the acoustic signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for enabling data connectivity when a handoff occurs between one communication network and another communication network, wherein the communication networks belong to different air interface standards. The mobile station triggers a Compression Control Protocol (CCP) request message to a tethered device if the mobile station determines that a new PDSN is not enabled to perform the CCP protocol. The tethered device then responds with a CCP request message with or without new negotiation parameters. The mobile station forwards the CCP request message to the new PDSN. Since the new PDSN is not enabled with CCP, the new PDSN responds with a CCP rejection message. The rejection message is passed from the mobile station back to the tethered device. The tethered device then sends uncompressed data packets to the PDSN.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented to facilitate the transfer of a PPP session of a mobile communication device that is handed between multiple communication networks with different air interfaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for predictively quantizing voiced speech includes a parameter generator and a quantizer. The parameter generator is configured to extract parameters from frames of predictive speech such as voiced speech, and to transform the extracted information to a frequency-domain representation. The quantizer is configured to subtract a weighted sum of the parameters for previous frames from the parameter for the current frame. The quantizer is configured to quantize the difference value. A prototype extractor may be added to first extract a pitch period prototype to be processed by the parameter generator.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing an oscillating signal to a load comprises: a phase locked loop, PLL, comprising a feedback loop; a power control means for manipulating oscillating signal power; an isolator for isolating the feedback loop from the load; and a mode selector coupled to the power control means and the isolator, for controlling the power control means and the isolator so that in a steady state power mode, oscillation power is supplied to the load and in a reduced power mode, power is isolated by the isolator from the load to the feedback loop so that phase lock is maintained when the oscillation power is reduced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding a frame of interleaved information bits in a communication system, where the decoding of the frame of interleaved information bits may begin before all of the bits in the frame are received. The frame of interleaved information bits has a frame start time and a frame end time. The frame also includes a first fractional segment that has a start time that is the same as the frame start time and an end time that is before the frame end time. Prior to transmission of the frame of interleaved information bits to a decoding site, all bits in the frame are encoded at a code rate R to provide encoded bits, and the encoded bits are positioned in the interleaved frame in accordance with an interleaving pattern that stores bits having a code rate R1 within a first fractional segment of the interleaved frame.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a method and apparatus for interoperability between CTX and DTX communications systems during transmissions of silence or background noise [FIG. 2]. Continuous eighth rate encoded noise frames are translated to discontinuous SID frames for transmission to DTX systems (402–410). Discontinuous SID frames are translated to continuous eighth rate encoded noise frames for decoding by a CTX system (602–606).

Abstract: In a method of synthesizing voiced speech from pitch prototype waveforms by time-synchronous waveform interpolation (TSWI), one or more pitch prototypes is extracted from a speech signal or a residue signal. The extraction process is performed in such a way that the prototype has minimum energy at the boundary. Each prototype is circularly shifted so as to be time-synchronous with the original signal. A linear phase shift is applied to each extracted prototype relative to the previously extracted prototype so as to maximize the cross-correlation between successive extracted prototypes. A two-dimensional prototype-evolving surface is constructed by unsampling the prototypes to every sample point. The two-dimensional prototype-evolving surface is re-sampled to generate a one-dimensional, synthesized signal frame with sample points defined by piecewise continuous cubic phase contour functions computed from the pitch lags and the phase shifts added to the extracted prototypes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for constructing voice templates for a speaker-independent voice recognition system includes segmenting a training utterance to generate time-clustered segments, each segment being represented by a mean. The means for all utterances of a given word are quantized to generate template vectors. Each template vector is compared with testing utterances to generate a comparison result. The comparison is typically a dynamic time warping computation. The training utterances are matched with the template vectors if the comparison result exceeds at least one predefined threshold value, to generate an optimal path result, and the training utterances are partitioned in accordance with the optimal path result. The partitioning is typically a K-means segmentation computation. The partitioned utterances may then be re-quantized and re-compared with the testing utterances until the at least one predefined threshold value is not exceeded.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for confirming the identity of a mobile station in a communication network. A mobile station transmits a security value to obtain access to the network. The system authenticates the mobile station prior to granting it access to the network. The system performs an additional procedure before granting access to the system if the security value sent by the mobile station matches a previously transmitted security value. Using this invention, the system prevents attempts of replay attacks by intruders.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a method and apparatus for interoperability between CTX and DTX communications systems during transmissions of silence or background noise. Continuous eighth rate encoded noise frames are translated to discontinuous SID frames for transmission to DTX systems. Discontinuous SID frames are translated to continuous eighth rate encoded noise frames for decoding by a CTX system.

Abstract: Channel state information (CSI) can be used by a communications system to precondition transmissions between transmitter units and receiver units. In one aspect of the invention, disjoint sub-channel sets are assigned to transmit antennas located at a transmitter unit. Pilot symbols are generated and transmitted on a subset of the disjoint sub-channels. Upon receipt of the transmitted pilot symbols, the receiver units determine the CSI for the disjoint sub-channels that carried pilot symbols. These CSI values are reported to the transmitter unit, which will use these CSI values to generate CSI estimates for the disjoint sub-channels that did not carry pilot symbols. The amount of information necessary to report CSI on the reverse link can be further minimized through compression techniques and resource allocation techniques.