Abstract: A torque oscillation compensation system and torque estimator that uses torque emulator/observer feedback derived from an electric vehicle motor drive train. The present torque oscillation compensation system is adapted for use with an electric vehicle comprising a source of torque command signals and an electric motor that is controlled by a power switching circuit. The power switching circuit is responsive to the torque command signals and provides pulse width modulated signals for driving the motor. The system comprises a torque estimator that is coupled to received pulse width modulated signals provided by the power switching circuit, and motor currents and speed, for providing estimated torque feedback signals derived therefrom.

Abstract: Ferrimagnetic structures formed of ferrimagnetic vias in a unitized multilayer microcircuit structure that is formed of a plurality of co-fired insulating layers.

Abstract: A virtual image display optical system. The system includes an image source, a combiner, and a relay group. The relay group is a catatrioptic relay group that includes a reflective optical element, and a refractive lens group that includes at least one doublet and a diffractive lens. For some applications, the catatrioptric relay group may be replaced by a hybrid refractive-diffractive relay group, thus eliminating the reflective element. The diffractive optical element of the hybrid optical element is encoded on one side of a lens. The hybrid optical element forms a refractive/diffractive achromat to provide for primary chromatic aberration correction. The refractive lens group is also an achromat to provide for chromatic aberration correction. Power distribution between the hybrid optical element and the refractive lens group is such that secondary chromatic aberration of the refractive lens group is balanced out by the secondary chromatic aberration of the hybrid optical element.

Abstract: Improved fiber optics pressure sensor transducers utilizing fiber optics in an interferometer sensing element. Included is a bellows-type pressure-to-movement converter that translates sensed pressure into linear displacement. That displacement is mechanically coupled to, and thereby varies the length of one leg of a fiber optics interferometer as a function of pressure. A temperature compensator is attached to the sensing or reference optical fiber of the interferometer. The temperature compensator causes corrective changes in the length of that optical fiber to which it is attached, thereby compensating for opposing temperature effects on other parts of the interferometer. Threaded studs attached to flexible stress reducers which are in turn coupled to optical fiber grippers provide means for adjusting interferometer optical fiber pre-tension and rotation to optimize polarization.

Abstract: A dielectric material is formed into a structure having two parallel broad surfaces with one or more raised integral portions extending transversely across at least one of the broad surfaces. The exterior is uniformly conductively coated resulting in a parallel plate waveguide having a continuous transverse stub element disposed adjacent one plate thereof. Purely reactive elements are formed by leaving the conductive coating on the terminus of the stub element, or by narrowing the terminus of the stub element. Radiating elements are formed when stub elements of moderate height are opened to free space. Radiating, coupling and/or reactive continuous transverse stub elements may be combined in a common parallel plate structure in order to form a variety of microwave, millimeter wave and quasi-optical components including integrated filters, couplers and antenna arrays.

Abstract: The primary winding and part of the magnetic circuit of an automobile battery charging transformer are mounted in a separable inductive charge coupler which is insertable into and removable from an inductive charge receptacle slot in the automobile adjacent the transformer secondary winding and magnetic structure. When the inductive charge coupler is in place and is energized, the primary winding energizes the secondary winding to permit charging of the batteries on the automobile. The inductive charge coupler is cooled by a fluid passage therein. The coolant may be a gas which is vented or may be a liquid which is circulated.

Abstract: An encoded hologram strip including a plurality of hologram digits linearly arranged along a longitudinal direction, each hologram digit including at least 0 parallel fringe reflection holograms wherein each parallel fringe hologram is constructed to diffract playback light having a predetermined wavelength and incidence angle at a diffraction angle that is substantially equal to the playback incidence angle.

Abstract: Circuits for modulating an RF input signal applied to an RF high power amplifier to produce a modulated RF output signal. The present invention employs a VHF power supply or converter with a modulation control circuit that enables the power supply to be pulsed at frequencies commensurate with a radar in which it is employed, for example. Modulation of the high power amplifier is accomplished by applying a pulsed voltage output signal to a DC bias input of the high power amplifier. More particularly, the modulation control circuit receives a logic control signal, generates a pulse control signal in response thereto, and modulates a DC input signal processed by the converter. The VHF converter receives and modulates the DC input signal in response to the pulse control signal to cause the pulsed voltage output signal from the converter to pulse at a rate and duty cycle determined by the logic control signal. The output signal modulates the RF input signal amplified by the RF high power amplifier.

Abstract: A transmission line structure including a central signal conductor stack of elongated conductive strips separated from each other by contiguous dielectric layers of a unitized multilayer circuit structure, a first ground conductor stack of elongated conductive strips separated from each other by contiguous dielectric layers and laterally separated from one side of the central signal conductor stack, and a second ground conductor stack of elongated conductive strips separated from each other by contiguous dielectric layers and laterally separated from another side of the central signal conductor stack such that the central conductor stack is laterally between the first and second ground conductor stacks.

Abstract: A transformer is used to charge the battery of an electric automobile. The primary of the transformer is connected to a fixed power supply and is separable from a secondary mounted in the automobile. The secondary is cooled by cooling structure mounted on the secondary, particularly a heat pipe.

Abstract: A hologram decal including a hologram layer having first and second surfaces, a first polymer layer secured to the first hologram surface, a second polymer layer secured to the second hologram surface, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer disposed on the non-hologram side of one of the first and second polymer layers, and a release liner covering said pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and techniques for making the hologram decal.

Abstract: Optoelectronic switching apparatus employing optoelectronic switching devices interconnected by optical media having different delay lengths and an multiport optical coupler. The optoelectronic switching apparatus provides for a multibit true-time-delay beamsteerer for beamsteering phased array antennas. The present invention combines two types of optoelectronic devices, lasers and photodiode switches, using an interconnected passive optical network comprising the optical fibers and the optical coupler. The switches, and input and output signal networks coupled to the respective switches, are controlled using a control signal generator. Using this scheme, any input can be independently selected and a signal can be routed to any output. Furthermore, the product of the total number of different interconnect paths (N.times.M) is provided which provides a greater number of delay lengths than is provided by using only one type of switch (i.e. laser (N) or photodiode (M)) alone.

Abstract: A digital data propagation delay margin monitoring circuit that includes (a) a digital data propagation unit having a send flip-flop, a combinatorial delay, and a receive flip-flop; and (b) a margin detection circuit having a test flip-flop that receives the same input as the receive flip-flop and is configured to have a set up time margin or a hold time margin that is less than the set up margin or hold time margin of the receive flip-flop by a predetermined amount, depending upon which margin is being monitored. The outputs of the receive flip-flop and the test flip-flop are compared by a comparison circuit which provides an indication of when the outputs of the receive flip-flop and the test flip-flop are different, which indicates that the monitored margin of the receive flip-flop has been reduced to a predetermined margin or less.

Abstract: Unitized multilayer circuit structures including basic substrate insulating layers and dielectric field control layers having dielectric constants different from the dielectric constant of the basic substrate insulating layers.

Abstract: A signal processor architecture that comprises a data network having multiple ports, a control bus, and a plurality of signal processing clusters connected to at least two ports and the control bus. Each signal processing cluster comprises a system control processor connected to the control bus, a second control bus, and a global bulk memory having multiple ports. A plurality of functional processing elements are connected to the system control processor by way of the second control bus, and each are connected to a port of the global bulk memory. The global bulk memory comprises a subdata flow network having multiple gateways and full crossbar interconnectivity between each of the multiple gateways.

Abstract: A hologram structure for use in a holographic center high mounted stoplight system for a vehicle. The hologram structure includes a hologram layer having a plurality of holographic lenses formed therein, each holographic lens being configured to diffract light into a predetermined solid angular region.

Abstract: A series resonant converter comprising an actively-controlled third element, or actively-controlled resonant preload. The actively-controlled third element is controlled by logic that makes it operative only when it is required by load conditions, and thus the desired characteristics of the third element are only employed when needed. The present invention incorporates the actively-controlled reactive preload and which operates on demand, and results in a converter output that is able to regulate from no load to full load. The third element is operated on demand and only at low power levels, and there is no penalty of higher RMS current in the power chain. The present invention is particularly applicable for use in charging batteries used in electrical vehicles.

Abstract: A programmable hold-off circuit for an integrated circuit for selectively providing hold-off for outputs of the integrated circuit. The programmable hold-off circuit includes a hold-off latch for receiving an output signal from the interior logic of the integrated circuit, and for providing a hold-off latch output, an output buffer responsive to hold-off latch output for providing a buffered output, a hold-off control circuit responsive to a hold clock for controlling the hold-off latch to be continuously transparent when the hold-off control circuit is programmed for no hold-off, and for controlling the hold-off latch pursuant to the hold clock when the hold-off control circuit is programmed for hold-off. The hold-off control circuit is programmed, for example, pursuant to a boundary scan flip-flop.

Abstract: A shrouded pin electrode structure including an elongated pin that extends into the volume of a gas containment structure of an RF excited gas discharge light source and is physically isolated from the discharge gas contained in the volume of the gas containment structure by a shroud structure made for example of a gas impermeable dielectric coating or closed end tube.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting system that includes a gas containment vessel having an internal phosphor coating and containing an ionizable gas, field concentrator electrodes supported inside or outside the gas containment vessel, and an RF power source coupled directly or capacitively to the field concentrator electrodes.