Abstract: A system for cross conversion of plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) data is disclosed. A PDH DS3 signal is received and demultiplexed into 28 DS1 data. ATM adaptation layer modules convert the 28 DS1 data to ATM cell streams. The ATM cell streams are multiplexed into a single ATM MUX cell stream and then multiplexed with another cell stream. A router receives the combined multiplexed cell stream, adds a header field, and outputs an ATM cell. The system functions to also convert the ATM cell data to DS3 PDH data using the same basic components.

Abstract: A method for reducing the exhaust pollution emissions in a sliding vane internal combustion engine. First, an ultra-lean fuel-air combination is thoroughly premixed, the fuel-air combination having an equivalence ratio less than about 0.60 and a dimensionless concentration fluctuation fraction below about 0.33. After being premixed, the ultra-lean fuel-air combination is inducted into a vane cell, compressed, and it is then combusted at a peak compression plateau. The combusted fuel-air combination is purged after an expansion cycle. The combusting of the fuel-air combination may be initiated by autoignition.

Abstract: A sliding vane engine, where the vanes slide with at least of one of an axial and radial component of vane motion, and where the compression ratio of the engine may be variably controlled. The engine includes a stator and a rotor in relative rotation, and a plurality of vanes in rotor slits defining one or more main chamber cells and one or more vane slit cells. The vanes contain extended pins that move in a pin channel for controlling the sliding motion of the vane. Fuel is mixed by incorporating air turbulence generators at or near the intake region. The intake and exhaust regions of the engine also incorporate a wave pumping mechanism for injecting and scavenging air from the main chamber cells and the vane slits. The compression ratio of the engine may be varied while the engine is in operation, and the engine geometry provides for an extended temporal duration at about peak compression. The engine is insulated by using segmented ceramic inserts on the stator and rotor surfaces.