Abstract: One of the major disabling symptoms of gastroparesis is nausea and vomiting which can be difficult to control with currently available treatments. It is postulated that signaling of gastrointestinal causes of nausea starts with activation of vagal afferent nerves that trigger the central emetic pathway. Most vagal afferent nerves are unmyelinated C-fibers, many of which express the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 and respond to capsaicin. Resiniferatoxin is a very potent capsaicin analogue that has a much more favorable ratio of desensitization to excitation than capsaicin leading to more effective desensitization without irritation. The present invention describes methods of alleviating acute or chronic nausea, vomiting by the administration of resiniferatoxin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition that includes a tetrahydrobiopterin in a controlled-release pharmaceutical preparation. Also disclosed is a method of treating a patient with phenylketonuria that includes administering, to the patient, a composition that contains tetrahydrobiopterin in a controlled-release pharmaceutical preparation. Also disclosed is a method of treating a patient with ADHD that includes administering a tetrahydropterin to the patient. Compositions for the treatment of ADHD are also described.