Abstract: A metal refractory anchor adapted for installation by welding to a metal surface together with a number of other like anchors to provide anchorage protection from erosion for a monolithic refractory applied to the surface, said anchor being formed from a metal strip having its width substantially equal to the thickness of the refractory to be applied to said surface and its length several times its width. The anchor has cut away portions at each end whereby there is provided at each end an extending arm, the extending arms together with the intermediate portion of said anchor providing an erosion resistant barrier for the protection of the refractory and the cut away portions adjacent said arms providing room for said refractory to be deposited between said arms and said surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately determining the relative positioning of a well logging sonde or downhole tool in a bore hole is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an anchor for engaging the wall of the bore hole in fixed position and adapted to be carried into the bore hole on the downhole tool suspended on a logging wireline to a selected level, and a release mechanism controllable from the surface for releasing the anchor from the tool so that the tool can move independently of the anchor element. A sensing cable interconnects the anchor and the tool and is payed out from a reel carried by the tool as the tool separates from the anchor. Means actuated by the sensing cable are provided for transmitting electrical pulses up the wireline to the surface to indicate the relative distance between the anchor and tool.

Abstract: Suspended black carbonaceous material contained in aqueous ammonium polyphosphate solutions, which are derived from impure wet-process phosphoric acid, is removed by mixing such a solution with ionic, water soluble, organic polymers, holding the mixture until the suspended carbonaceous material flocculates and floats to the surface, and separating the flocculated carbonaceous material from the resulting clarified ammonium polyphosphate solution.

Abstract: An improved fluid catalytic cracking process comprises a method for the regeneration of the fluidizable hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, particularly of the molecular sieve type, which has been deactivated with coke deposits while employed in a hydrocarbon catalytic cracking process, in which the coke-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas to burn the coke from the catalyst under conditions providing substantially complete combustion of carbon monoxide and substantially complete combustion of the coke on the catalyst. In the regenerator, particles of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst are in association with particles of a platinum group metal or rhenium oxidation catalyst which promotes the combustion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The catalyst composite contains a mixture of cracking catalyst particles and particles having the platinum group metal or rhenium oxidation catalyst supported on a substrate.

Abstract: An hydraulic drive apparatus for use in downhole tools is described. The apparatus provides rotational and translational movement to a cutting tool element disposed in a downhole tool or sonde automatically adjusting advancing motion of the cutting tool to the rate of rotational movement or cutting. The apparatus is controllable from the surface through a wireline and is capable of operating in various modes to facilitate unjamming.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing nozzle suitable for use in automobile service stations having vacuum assist vapor recovery systems is disclosed. This nozzle incorporates a check valve for closing the vapor return conduit means at all times when liquid is not being dispensed and a liquid responsive means in the vapor return conduit means for automatically shutting off the dispensing of liquid in the event liquid is aspirated into the vapor return conduit means.

Abstract: A bracing assembly for use in fluidized bed units having a number of cyclone separators equipped with diplegs is disclosed. The assembly comprises paired brace elements interconnecting adjacent diplegs to form a closed polygon whereby each dipleg in the polygon supports the others to eliminate sway or movement of the diplegs. The method of attachment of the brace elements is such as to accommodate large temperature differentials within the unit during operation and also between operation and shutdown without the creation of abnormal stresses. The assembly is particularly useful in the regenerator vessels of fluid catalytic cracking units.

Abstract: A new method is disclosed for determining sulfur levels in liquid or solid samples. The method is capable of accurate determination of sulfur content at sub-parts per million levels. The method and apparatus utilize high temperature oxidation of the samples to form sulfur oxides, absorption of the sulfur oxides on copper oxide as copper sulfate, thermal decomposition of the sulfate to convert sulfur present to sulfur dioxide which is evolved and coulometric titration to measure the quantity of evolved sulfur dioxide from which sulfur content of the sample can be calculated.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The apparatus accomplishes the separate and simultaneous contacting of two fluid streams, at least one of which is a hydrocarbon feedstock, with cracking catalyst followed by the removal of the vaporous products therefrom with minimal commingling. The apparatus comprises multiple riser reactors, a partition positioned in the disengaging vessel separating the dilute phase into two regions, and a control system for controlling the direction and volume of flow between the two dilute phase regions at a desired point. The apparatus is particularly suitable for use in the simultaneous fluidized catalytic cracking of dissimilar hydrocarbon feedstocks with minimal commingling of the products therefrom.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprises a riser reactor and a collar positioned along the same axis as the downstream end of the riser reactor. The collar is further positioned in close proximity to, but not in contact with, the riser reactor such that an annular space is defined between the riser reactor and the collar. The collar has a diameter greater than the diameter of the riser reactor at its downstream end and communicates directly and laterally with the inlets of the cyclone separation system. The riser reactor may or may not include a flow reversal cap to redirect the flow of the hydrocarbons and the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for sweetening and desulfurizing a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream boiling at a temperature less than about 650.degree. F. The process comprises contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an oxidic catalyst at a temperature of about 300 to 650.degree. F. and at a pressure of about 1 to 5 atmospheres. The oxidic catalyst comprises a molecular sieve selected from the group consisting of hydrogen-form molecular sieves and rare-earth-form molecular sieves.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a gas with absorbents and then are removed from the absorbents by contact with a hydrocarbon in the presence of a cracking catalyst. The absorbents comprise an exhaustively-exchanged rare-earth-form zeolite and a free form of an inorganic oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium, and calcium. The sulfur oxides are removed from the absorbents as a sulfur-containing gas which comprises hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A cryogenic process for separating relatively pure fractions of methane and carbon dioxide from mixtures thereof which also contain other components. The process utilizes a lean oil as an absorbent which performs the additional functions of preventing the formation of solid carbon dioxide within the apparatus and preventing formation of an azeotrope of carbon dioxide with ethane and enhancing the separation of hydrogen sulfide from carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A side wall clamp is disclosed for use in conjunction with downhole tools, the clamp having a fail-safe mechanism which permits unclamping of the tool from the bore hole wall even if the clamp actuator means is inoperative, by exerting upward pull on the wire line or drill string to which the tool is attached.

Abstract: An apparatus for the fluid catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons having a riser reactor with structure at its lower end for introduction of hydrocarbon feedstock and particulate catalyst and having its upper end opening into a separator vessel. A flow reversal structure attached to a downwardly directed flow reversal conduit is provided at the upper end of the riser and within the separator vessel. The flow reversal structure and conduit serve to direct cracked hydrocarbon products and particulate catalyst downwardly toward a stripper located at the bottom of the separator vessel. Cyclones having gas inlet ducts in communication through the wall of the flow reversal conduit are provided. The cyclones are connected to vent cracked hydrocarbon products outside of the separator vessel.

Abstract: An apparatus for the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons having two independent transfer line reactors, each of which is associated with an independent cyclone separation system and wherein the cyclone separation systems are located within a common separator vessel. More particularly, the improved apparatus can be used for the simultaneous fluidized catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock and the recracking of a selected fraction of the products from said cracking without commingling the feedstock and the selected fraction to be recracked.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons wherein an ascending cocurrent stream of vaporous hydrocarbon and entrained catalyst particulates is effected in a tubular reaction zone the method including the following steps: (1) altering the direction of flow of said stream of hydrocarbons and particulates to a downward direction by conducting the stream into a flow reversing zone, (2) accelerating the rate of downward flow of the particulates by gravitational force augmenting fluid flow drag forces to impart momentum thereto, (3) withdrawing cracked hydrocarbons laterally from the downwardly flowing particulates, and (4) contacting the downwardly flowing particulates with inert stripping gas, the momentum of said particulates preventing their passage laterally with the cracked hydrocarbons and permitting their passage counter current to the upward movement of stripping steam.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved apparatus and process for controlling heat input to a fractionation tower so that a proper energy balance is maintained. The apparatus and method for controlling a fractionation tower and process wherein feed and heat flow into the tower and feed is distilled and separated into distillate and bottoms, said distillate flowing from the tower through an overhead line into a condenser where it is allowed to condense before it is drawn off as product with a portion of this product being returned to the tower as reflux, and said bottoms being allowed to at least partially collect in the tower thereby establishing a liquid level which is allowed to fluctuate within predetermined limits, which method comprises generating and using the signal:Q.sub.I =Kp(K.sub.R +K.sub.D -K.sub.F)whereQ.sub.I is the heat required by the fractionation tower;Kp is the pressure controller output signal;K.sub.R is the reflux flow rate signal;K.sub.D is the distillate flow rate signal;K.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for analyzing the composition of a gasoline-range petroleum product using a new copper on silica gel adsorption composition. The copper on silica gel adsorption composition is capable of separating olefins from saturates in a mixture by temporarily retaining the olefins while allowing the saturates to pass through. The method of analysis entails passing a gasoline sample through an absorption column whereby the aromatics are retarded while the saturates and olefins pass through. The saturates and olefins are then directed through the copper on silica gel composition wherein the olefins are retained while the saturates pass through into a detector and are measured. Once all the saturates are removed from the system, the aromatics are backflushed from the absorption column and are routed into the detector for measurement.

Abstract: Disclosed is a double-slide valve for controlling a stream of fluid entrained particulate material. The double-slide valve comprises a valve body forming a closed chamber having an inlet opening, an outlet opening, and a pair of valve stem openings. Within the chamber is mounted a flow port having an entrance and an exit opening through which the stream of particulate material passes. The flow of this stream is controlled by two slidable valve plates which slide traversably across the flow port openings upon guide means. The amount of valve plate movement is controlled by a control means.