Abstract: The present invention provises a method and apparatus for separating a gas mixture. In accordance therewith, the gas mixture is rectified in a dephlegmator. The dephlegmator has first and second sets of heat exchange passages which are in a heat exchange relationship with the gas mixture being rectified. A stream of a first heat exchange fluid is passed through a first of the set of heat exchange passages so as to condense some of the gas mixture. A stream of a second heat exchange fluid is sub-cooled by passage through a second set of the heat exchange passages.

Abstract: Liquid is cooled in a columnar vessel having an inlet and an outlet for the liquid. The cooling is effected by introducing liquid cryogen into the vessel through a pipe. The liquid cryogen vaporizes and crates turbulence in the liquid in the vessel. Perforated plates dampen the turbulence and disengage the vaporized cryogen from the liquid being cooled. Pressurized gas is introduced from an inlet into the liquid beneath the liquid cryogen. This pressurized gas crates turbulence in the region where the cryogen enters the liquid and thus is able to prevent local freezing of the liquid in the mouth of the pipe. The liquid is typically water and the liquid cryogen typically liquid nitrogen.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for controlling the dew point in a reaction vessel in which a dew point reading is converted to an electric current signal which is coordinated with a preselected dew point range and translated into a frequency which is transmitted to a device that regulates the addition of liquid water to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: An improved preparation of desflurane, 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether utilizing hexafluoropropene epoxide as a starting material. Hexafluoropropene epoxide is advantageous in that it is relatively inexpensive and is environmentally acceptable.

Abstract: A process for producing a substantially oxygen-free gaseous product such as argon containing not more than one ppm by volume of oxygen is disclosed. The process comprises introducing hydrogen into a gas stream which contains oxygen and moisture, contacting the gas stream with a dessicant to remove substantially all of the moisture therefrom, contacting the substantially anhydrous gas stream with an oxidation catalyst to convert substantially all of the oxygen in the gas stream to water, and contacting the resultant gas stream with a dessicant to remove the water created in the oxidation step. The product stream may be further purified to remove residual hydrogen contained therein.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a substantially pure nitrogen product from a gas stream containing as impurities carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor and hydrogen, comprising a first adsorption unit which removes water vapor and carbon dioxide from the gas stream, a catalytic reactor which oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gas stream leaving the first adsorption unit to carbon dioxide and water vapor, respectively, a second adsorption unit which removes water vapor and carbon dioxide from the catalytically treated gas stream, a cryogenic distillation unit which separates nitrogen from oxygen in the gas stream leaving the second adsorption unit and a conduit connecting the cryogenic distillation unit with the adsorption units for purging the adsorption units with waste gas from the cryogenic distillation unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a burner for burning a fuel in an oxidant. In accordance with the apparatus, a fuel nozzle is provided for producing a fuel jet of the fuel adapted to burn within the oxidant with the flame extending outwardly from the fuel nozzle and such that the particles of fuel become increasingly more buoyant along the length of the flame. A lower oxidant nozzle is located below the fuel nozzle for creating a lower oxidant jet of the oxidant that produces a low-pressure field below the fuel jet for downwardly spreading the fuel into the oxidant. Additionally, an upper oxidant nozzle is located above the fuel and lower oxidant nozzles for creating an upper oxidant jet of the oxidant to burn the increasingly more buoyant particles of the fuel. The velocities of the upper and lower oxidant jets can be adjusted independently of their mass flow rates to adjust the flame shape from sharp (convection dominated) to lazy (radiation dominated) without changing the stoichiometry of the flame.

Abstract: Peptide amide and amide dimer muscle relaxants represented by the formulae: ##STR1## wherein: R is lower alkyl; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, allyl, propargyl, aryl lower alkyl and cyclo-lower alkyl lower alkyl, or R plus one or both of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a heterocyclic ring having 5 to 7 member atoms; AA are independently selected from certain amino acids moieties; n is 2 to 4; x is independently 0 or 1; y is independently 1 or 2; z is 2 to 12; and An.sup.- is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cryogenic freezer and method using a freezing chamber within which articles are cooled under the direct application of a cryogen, causing the cryogen to vaporize into a cryogenic vapor. The freezing chamber has inlet and outlet plenums through which articles to be frozen are passed into and from the freezing chamber, respectively. The liquid cryogen is introduced from a make-up tank into the freezing chamber and into direct contact with the articles to be frozen. Conduits connect the inlet and outlet plenums to a blower that draws air from outside the freezing chamber and the cryogenic vapor from inside the freezing chamber to prevent air from entering the freezing chamber. The cryogenic vapor is drawn from an outlet in the freezing chamber to a recovery unit to be compressed, purified and liquefied. The resulting liquid cryogen is then fed back to the make-up tank.

Abstract: A deadender cap that is designed to be screwed into a standard medical Luer male thread connection to dead end that connection. The deadender cap is a one-piece molded construction having an internal tapered projection that fits within the open passages of the male Luer connection a predetermined distance when the deadender cap is tightened into position, thus liquid within the open passage is forced outwardly and then as the deadender cap is tightened and no air bubbles are formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron beam gun for an electron beam evaporation source in which a beam former shields a filament from an anode such that electrons emitted from the filament are accelerated past the anode in a ribbon-like beam. The filament is connected to a split cathode block having two sides for applying an electric current through the filament. The beam former has two sections which are separately connected to the two sides of the cathode block such that the cathode block acts as a heat sink for the beam former, and a thermal gradient is not produced within the beam former that would produce warpage and movement of the beam former. Preferably, the vertical gap is about 0.254 mm. to prevent electrons emitted from the filament from arcing through the gap to the anode.

Abstract: An article such as a mattress, carpet or curtain is treated by spraying its surface with liquid cryogen (usually liquid nitrogen). The liquid nitrogen acts as an acaricide and kills house dust mites. The dead mites are then removed from the freshly sprayed fabric. Such a treatment is also effective in dislodging particles of dirt from the articles and may be used for example to clean a carpet in situ. After treatment with the liquid nitrogen, the carpet may be subjected to a conventional vacuum cleaning.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for separating a gaseous mixture to produce an enriched gas having a predetermined purity which comprises the steps of (a) passing the gaseous mixture into a first adsorption bed at an adsorption pressure in the range from about 15 psig to about 500 psig, (b) withdrawing enriched gas from the first adsorption bed and passing the enriched gas into a product reservoir, (c) when the purity of the enriched gas from the first adsorption bed drops below the predetermined purity thereby becoming lean gas, passing the lean gas from the first adsorption bed into a second adsorption bed to substantially equalize the pressure of the bed, (d) stopping the flow of lean gas from the first adsorption bed and evacuating the first adsorption bed while purging the first adsorption bed by passing enriched gas from the product reservior into the first adsorption bed, (e) further pressurizing the second adsorption bed by passing enriched gas from the product reservoir into the second adsorption b

Abstract: A combination of bottle, collar and cap where the bottle collar has a keying lug that interfits with a cap slot and which keying is necessary to screw the cap onto the bottle.

Abstract: A filter having a microporous hydrophilic membrane is utilized in a thermodilution set up wherein the filter is positioned downstream from the injectate reservoir, the syringe and most of the fittings through which bacteria or other harmful materials could enter the bolus of injectate. The filter thus traps bacteria and particulates and prevents the material that may have inadvertently entered the injectate stream from being introduced into the patient. The filter is relatively inexpensive and is commerically available having a pore size of about 0.2 um while allowing typical thermodilution injectate flows of about 150 cc/min.

Abstract: Alloys useful for preparing self-supporting cylindrical targets are provided. The alloys comprise zinc and one or more other metals chosen from the following: aluminum, bismuth, cerium, gadolinium, hafnium, niobium, silicon, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, and zirconium. In one preferred embodiment, a zinc alloy with approximately 2% aluminum forms self-supporting cylindrical targets from which metal oxide films are prepared by reactive sputtering. The alloy oxide films are clear, transparent, non-absorbing, and optically functional.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for producing ultra-high purity nitrogen. In accordance with the method and apparatus, air is rectified to produce a tower overhead comprising high purity nitrogen rich in light elements, such as neon, helium and hydrogen. The tower overhead is then partially condensed within a condenser and separated into liquid and vapor phases within a phase separator. The liquid phase is lean in the light elements and the vapor phase is rich in the light elements. The liquid phase is removed from the bottom of the phase separator and is introduced into the column as reflux. As the reflux drops from tray to tray it is stripped of the light elements. A product stream containing ultra-high purity nitrogen is withdrawn as a liquid from the column after suitable stripping of the reflux. The product stream can be further purified by stripping the product stream within a stripper column.

Abstract: An anesthetic vaporizer 1 of the by-pass type includes a vaporizing chamber 12 containing an anesthetic agent which at normal atmospheric pressure has a boiling point of approximately 25.degree. C. The vaporizing chamber 12 is surrounded by thermal insulation 18 to prevent uncontrolled boiling of the anesthetic agent.

Abstract: The concentration of multiple polyatomic gases are determined almost simultaneously by Raman scattering. The gas sample is placed in a sampling cell located in the resonance cavity of a laser and a polarized laser beam having sufficient intensity to produce detectable signals of Raman scattered light is passed through the cell. The scattered light is captured and redirected by means of a reflection mirror located parallel to the axis of the laser beam adjacent to and outside of the cell. Signals of both inelastic Raman scattered light and elastic laser scattered light are collected by a collection lens means opposite the reflection mirror and outside the gas cell. The collection lens is also parallel to the axis of the laser beam.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel substituted N/aryl-N-[4-(1-heterocyclicalkyl)piperidinyl]amides useful as analgesics, and methods of administering analgesia, which comprises the systemic administration to mammals of such compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, wherein the novel compounds have the general formula: ##STR1## including optically active isomeric forms, and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are defined in the disclosure.