Abstract: A method for reducing the level of elemental sulfur from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon streams as well as reducing the level of total sulfur in such streams. Preferred hydrocarbon streams include fuel streams such as naphtha and distillate streams that are transported through a pipeline. The sulfur-containing hydrocarbon stream is blended with an aqueous solution of water, a caustic, and at least one metal sulfide thereby resulting in an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The blended stream is then passed through a bed of solids having a suitable surface area so that a substantial amount of the sulfur moieties are removed by the aqueous phase.

Abstract: Refractory or hard sulfur found in a hydrocarbon stream containing refractory sulfur heterocycle compounds, particularly those exhibiting steric hindrance, is removed from the stream by contacting it with a sodium reagent comprising a sodium component, having free sodium, supported on a solid support component. If the hydrocarbon stream contains more labile or easy sulfur, then it is treated, typically by hydrodesulfurization, to remove at least most of the labile sulfur before it is contacted with the sodium reagent. This is useful for bringing the sulfur level of middle distillate fuel streams, such as diesel and jet fuel fractions, down to a level of less than about 10 wppm, employing conventional hydrodesulfurizing catalysts and conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved membrane pervaporation and vapor permeation system in which the vacuum is produced by a fluid passing through a Venturi-type nozzle. The fluid is chosen from solvents that have little or no affinity for the permeate molecules. It is applicable over process feed rates, and can be used for the separation of aromatic species from hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is produced though a cyclic method where the first step of the cycle includes reforming a hydrocarbon feed over a catalyst to synthesis gas in a first zone of a bed and the second step reheats this first zone. A hydrocarbon feed is introduced to a bed along with CO2 and optionally steam where it is reformed into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is collected at a second zone of the bed and an oxygen-containing gas is then introduced to this second zone of the bed and combusted with a fuel, thereby reheating the first zone to sufficient reforming temperatures. Additionally, a non-combusting gas can also be introduced to the second zone to move heat from the second zone to the first zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a high activity ZSM-48. More particularly, a high activity ZSM-48 with defined purity is prepared, the ZSM-48 being free of non-ZSM-48 seed crystals and ZSM-50.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for selectively hydrodesulfurizing naphtha feedstreams using a catalyst comprising at least one hydrodesulfurizing metal supported on a low acidity, ordered mesoporous support material.

Abstract: Naphtha hydrodesulfurization selectivity is increased by reducing the amount of COX (CO plus ½ CO2) in the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone to less than 100 vppm. While this is useful for non-selective hydrodesulfurization, it is particularly useful for selectively desulfurizing an olefin-containing naphtha without octane loss due to olefin saturation by hydrogenation. The COX reduction is achieved by removing COX from the treat gas before it is passed into the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodesulfurization of olefinic naphtha streams containing a substantial amount of organically-bound sulfur and olefins. The olefinic naphtha stream is selectively desulfurized in a first hydrodesulfurization stage. The effluent stream from this first stage is sent to a separation zone wherein a lower boiling naphtha stream and a higher boiling naphtha stream are produced. The lower boiling naphtha stream is sent through at least two more separation zones, each at a lower temperature than the preceding separation stage. The higher boiling naphtha stream, which contains most of the sulfur moieties, is passed to a second hydrodesulfurization stage wherein at least a fraction of the sulfur moieties are removed.

Abstract: A two stage process for selectively hydrodesulfurizing olefinic and sulfur and nitrogen-containing naphtha feedstreams wherein the first stage is a nitrogen removal stage to produce a naphtha feedstream having reduced levels of nitrogen compounds and a second stage wherein the naphtha feedstream having reduced levels of nitrogen compounds is hydrodesulfuried with a catalyst and under conditions selective to remove sulfur with minimum olefin saturation.

Abstract: A waxy hydrocarbon feed is catalytically treated with a dewaxing catalyst that has been selectively activated. The selective activation of the catalyst involves treating the catalyst with at least one oxygenate. The selectively activated catalyst can then be used to dewax waxy hydrocarbon to improve yield and product quality of the isomerate product.