Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a display device having first and second substrates arranged opposite to each other, a semiconductor device on the first substrate, an organic light emitting element on the first substrate and an optical unit between the organic light emitting element and the second substrate. The display device may be configured to adjust angle viewing modes, e.g., a narrow angle viewing mode and a wide angle viewing mode, by selectively applying a voltage to the organic light emitting element and the optical unit.

Abstract: A method of controlling data includes, with respect to non-volatile memory cells connected to bit lines corresponding to a first bit line group, first controlling data written to the non-volatile memory cells by varying a control voltage, and, with respect to non-volatile memory cells connected to bit lines corresponding to a second bit line group, second controlling data written to the non-volatile memory cells by varying a control voltage. The controlling may include reading or verifying. Before verification, the method may include writing data to the non-volatile memory cells.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a first capacitor structure on a substrate, the first capacitor structure including a first electrode, a first dielectric layer pattern, and a second electrode, a second capacitor structure on the first capacitor structure, the second capacitor structure including a third electrode, a second dielectric layer pattern, and a fourth electrode, at least one first contact pad on a side of the first electrode, and a wiring structure connecting the at least one first contact pad and the fourth electrode.

Abstract: A hybrid voltage supply apparatus, a method of controlling the same, and an electronic system employing the hybrid voltage supply apparatus as a power supply are provided. The hybrid voltage supply apparatus includes a hybrid voltage supply apparatus including a main power supply, an auxiliary power supply, and a first voltage adjustment unit which operates in any one of a feed-forward driving mode and a feed-back driving mode according to at least one operating parameter of the main power supply, and adjusts an output voltage of the main power supply to a first predetermined DC voltage.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a memory card including a generally box-shaped printed circuit board, a control chip in the generally box-shaped printed circuit board, a memory chip in the generally box-shaped printed circuit board, and a plurality of contact pads on at least two portions of an upper portion, a lower portion, a left portion and a right portion of a front face of the generally box-shaped printed circuit board, and on at least two portions of an upper portion, a lower portion, a left portion and a right portion of a rear face of the generally box-shaped printed circuit board.

Abstract: An OLED display device includes a plurality of pixels including sub-pixels arranged along a first direction, the sub-pixels being arranged in an order emitting red, green, and blue lights along the first direction or in a reverse order, wherein an arrangement of colors of light emitted from sub-pixels of one pixel is symmetrical to an arrangement of colors of light emitted from sub-pixels of an adjacent pixel, and wherein a light emitting layer of the sub-pixel emitting red light includes a light emitting layer emitting red light and a light emitting layer emitting green light, a light emitting layer of the sub-pixel emitting green light includes a light emitting layer emitting green light, and a light emitting layer of the sub-pixel emitting blue light includes a light emitting layer emitting blue light and a light emitting layer emitting green light.