Abstract: A radio (e.g. a cellular radio telephone) is provided which is capable of operating with a set of incoming and outgoing call functions. Removable memory means 132 are provided (e.g. a smart card) for storing radio function selecting information 133 and a radio user validation code. The radio communicates with a radio communications system in response to the code for enabling the radio to receive incoming calls at least. Radio function control means activate a subset of the call functions within the set of call functions in response to the radio function selecting information stored in the removable memory means.

Abstract: Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with an emission spectrum according to a spectral energy distribution comprising the wavelength ranges 380-490 nm, 490-590 nm, and 590-700 nm, within which wavelength ranges mutually equal or substantially equal quantities of energy are emitted with a tolerance of 25% for the mutual ratios of equal energy of 1:1:1.

Abstract: Process for the management of address words which determines destination addresses for the switching of data on the basis of input address words of (M+N) bits. The process includes the following steps:on the basis of two input address words, separation of each one of these words into two fields of M and N bits respectivelycombination of these fields in accordance with a law of composition of non-commutative groups in order to deliver destination addresses emanating from the combination.The composition laws which are implemented necessitate only simple operations. Also a unit for the management of address words. This permits reduction of the addressing periods in searching for data, for example when they are stored in memory.

Abstract: An IC is provided with supply pins extending beyond the chip's encapsulation. The location of the supply pins is chosen so as to minimize the length of the associated bonding wires. Moreover the supply pins are located next to each other so as to reduce the effective inductance of the associated bonding wires. Output pins connected with on-chip buffers are located next to the supply pins so as to reduce the length of the buffer's supply lines, giving rise to a further reduction is inductive parasitic effects.

Abstract: Signals from a number of NAVSTAR global positioning system (GPS) satellites (11,12,13,14) are received by a receiver (16) in a vehicle (15) and a segment of the signals is stored in a memory (18) prior to retransmission by a transmitter (19). A base station (35) receives these transmissions from the mobile unit using a first receiver (36). The base station also receives signals directly from the NAVSTAR GPS satellites using a second receiver (38). A control and calculating apparatus (37) within the base station can determine the ephemeris (course) information for the satellites and can measure the transmission times or propagation delays of signals between the satellites and the vehicle and with this information the control and calculating apparatus can calculate the position of the vehicle unit.

Abstract: When fewer than three of the satellites of a satellite global positioning system (GPS) such as NAVSTAR are visible to a user (15), the user cannot obtain independent positional information from the system. Since a satellite (11) in such a system is moving with respect to a user (15), its signals are received with a Doppler offset from their normal centre frequency and the frequency offset due to the satellite motion alone is calculable for a user at an approximate location from a given satellite. An additional Doppler frequency offset will result from any movement of the user. The magnitude of the additional frequency shift, in conjunction with the known speed (m) of the user, can be used to calculate the angle between the satellite motion (V.sub.1) and the user's motion and since the direction of the former is known, the user's heading from local North (N) can be calculated in instances where only one or two GPS satellites (11,12) are visible to a user.

Abstract: The management of the priorities of access to a memory is characterized in that each request generator module (DP,GP) separately formulates the requests for access to a single word (DPREQ1, GPREQ1) and the requests for access to a plurality of words (DPREQN, GPREQN); differing priorities (REGA, REGB, REGC, REGD) may then be allocated (VALREG) to each type of request. Advantageously the requests for a single word are arbitrated by a first module which transmits a selected request to a second module.

Abstract: A data processing system buffers sequential data for the duration of cyclically recurrent delay times. Memory location allocation is performed in such a way, that the memory is used efficiently without data-shifting after a read-out, and that the address generator is fairly simple.