Abstract: Chain extended random alkoxylated polyols having branched configurations are useful as internal antistatic additives for polymeric structures. A polyol having a branched configuration is alkoxylated with a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and then chain extended to produce a high viscosity fluid additive which is compatible as a dispersed phase with polymer melts and does not agglomerate or separate from the melt during spinning. From about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the additive is incorporated in polymeric structures as an antistatic agent. A useful additive composition is obtained using pentaerythritol tetrapropoxylate as the polyol and Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether as the difunctional reactant.

Abstract: Acid salts such as sodium bisulfate are used as acidifiers for milk, as well as acidogens in the setting of acidified milk, in acid cheese curd manufacture. The use of an acid salt enables acidifying heated milk or heating milk after acidifying without precipitating protein from the milk.

Abstract: Imidazoline quaternary salts are added to oil slurries of solid particulate carbonaceous material such as a coal oil mixture (COM) or a coke oil mixture to stabilize the slurry during storage and dispensing at various temperatures. The imidazoline quaternary salts are added to either the oil or slurry (or during the grinding of the carbonaceous material) and are effective with or without the addition of water. Coal/coke oil slurries may contain from about 40 to about 90 parts by weight of oil, about 10 to about 60 parts by weight of powdered coal or coke, about 0.01 to about 6.0 parts by weight of imidazoline quaternary salt and about 0 to about 10 parts by weight of water.

Abstract: Mixtures of an imidazoline quaternary salt and a nitrogen base having from zero to nine carbon atoms are added to oil slurries of solid particulate carbonaceous material such as a coal oil mixture (COM) or a coke oil mixture to stabilize the slurry during storage and dispensing at various temperatures. The stabilizer mixtures of imidazoline quaternary salt and nitrogen base are added to either the oil or slurry (or during the grinding of the carbonaceous material) and are effective with or without the addition of water. Coal/coke oil slurries may contain from about 40 to about 90 parts by weight of oil, about 10 to about 60 parts by weight of powdered coal or coke, about 0.01 to about 6.0 parts by weight of the stabilizer mixture and about 0 to about 10 parts by weight of water.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.

Abstract: Mixtures of an alkoxylated quaternary salt and a nitrogen base having from zero to nine carbon atoms are added to carbonaceous materials in oil slurries such as a coal oil mixture (COM) or a coke oil mixture in an amount sufficient to stabilize the slurries during storage and dispersing at various temperatures. Useful stabilizer mixtures include a mixture of from about 99% to about 75% by weight of an alkoxylated quaternary salt which is a reaction product of a cocoamine ethoxylate and diethyl sulfate and from about 1% to about 25% by weight of a nitrogen base such as urea. The stabilizer mixtures may be added to either the oil or slurry (or during grinding of the carbonaceous material) and are effective with or without addition of water. Coal/coke oil slurries may contain from about 40 to about 90 parts by weight of oil, about 10 to about 60 parts by weight of powdered coal or coke, about 0.01 to about 6.0 parts by weight of the stabilizer mixture and about 0 to about 10 parts by weight of water.

Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.

Abstract: A condensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid and linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid having an alkyl moiety of from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms with formaldehyde or salt thereof is useful as a secondary emulsifier and co-emulsifier in synthetic polymer latex processes. From about 0.05 to about 5 parts by weight of the condensation product per 100 parts by weight of latex monomer is used as a secondary emulsifier and from about 0.5 to about 5 parts by weight of the condensation product per 100 parts by-weight of latex monomer is used as a co-emulsifier. Additionally, products can be prepared which have been found to be biodegradable. Use of these condensation products eliminates pollution caused by a secondary emulsifier or co-emulsifier in polymer manufacture effluent.

Abstract: Byproduct ammonium ions remaining in an aqueous solution of a water soluble glucoheptonate salt after its synthesis are reacted with the free acid form of a naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation product to obtain an aqueous composition which does not produce an ammonia odor when introduced into aqueous media having a pH above 9. The aqueous composition can be dried to obtain a flowable powder. Both the aqueous composition and flowable powder are useful as additives in industrial products. They may be used to prolong the time of hydration of cement.

Abstract: 5-(Beta-methylmercaptoethyl)-hydantoin is hydrolyzed at superatmospheric pressure in an autoclave by heating in a mixture of (a) a hydroxide of a monovalent cation such as lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium or alkyl substituted ammonium and (b) a hydroxide of a divalent cation such as calcium, barium or zinc.

Abstract: Methionine is prepared from 5-(beta-methylmercaptoethyl)-hydantoin at atmospheric pressure by refluxing the hydantoin with a metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide and an alkanol having a boiling point of from about 125.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure, preferably, a water saturated alkanol having a boiling point of from about 125.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure and thereafter recovering methionine.

Abstract: A condensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid and linear alkyl benzenesulfonic acid having an alkyl moiety of from about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms with formaldehyde or salt thereof is useful as a secondary emulsifier and co-emulsifier in synthetic polymer latex processes. From about 0.05 to about 5 parts by weight of the condensation product per 100 parts by weight of latex monomer is used as a secondary emulsifier and from about 0.5 to about 5 parts by weight of the condensation product per 100 parts by weight of latex monomer is used as a co-emulsifier. Additionally, products can be prepared which have been found to be biodegradable. Use of these condensation products eliminates pollution caused by a secondary emulsifier or co-emulsifier in polymer manufacture effluent.

Abstract: Washfastness of dyed nylon textile material is improved by treating dyed textile material with a water soluble polymeric textile treating agent which is a reaction product of dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone, formaldehyde and naphthalenesulfonic acid and is characterized as a 30% by weight solution in acetone having a reduced viscosity at 21.degree. C. of between about 0.225 and about 0.275.

Abstract: Water based defoamer compositions which are invert (water in oil) emulsions containing quick-chilled amides, hydrophobic silica, polymers, emulsifiers, oil and water are useful in defoaming aqueous systems such as found in the kraft pulping process. Optionally, these defoamer compositions may contain silicone surfactants, formaldehyde solution and silicone oil.

Abstract: 6-Hydroxyhexyl perfluoroisopropyl ether is prepared by reaction of hexafluoroacetone and potassium fluoride to obtain an alcoholate which is then reacted with 1-chloro-6-hexanol. One mole of the ether may be reacted with about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide to produce a hydroxyethyl ether. One mole of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutanol may be reacted with from about 1 to about 5 moles of propylene oxide to produce a hydroxypropyl ether. One mole of hexafluorobutanol may also be reacted with about 1 to about 5 moles of propylene oxide and then about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide to produce a hydroxyethyl ether. The hydroxyhexyl ether, hydroxylpropyl ether and both hydroxyethyl ethers may be sulfated to produce anionic surfactants which are useful as antistatic agents and lubricants for polymeric shapes such as nylon films and filaments.

Abstract: Microemulsion defoamer compositions which are oil in water colloidal dispersions are useful in defoaming aqueous systems such as in paper machines and latex paints. These compositions are prepared by mixing a water dispersible organic material, ethylene oxide condensate, coupling agent, water, basic material and antigelling agent.

Abstract: Improved yields of 1.alpha.,3.beta.-dihydroxy-steroid-5-enes are obtained by the addition of the alkali metal/liquid ammonia reduction products of 1.alpha.,2.alpha.-epoxy-4,6-dien-3-one steroids to a quenching agent such as liquid ammonia/ammonium chloride mixture. Specific steroids reduced by these procedures include 1.alpha.,2.alpha.-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one and 25-hydroxy-1.alpha.,2.alpha.-epoxycholesta-4,6-dien-3-one.

Abstract: Addition of zinc naphthaleneformaldehyde sulfonate to concrete mix improves compressive strength. This sulfonate is effective in concrete mixes prepared with Type I, II and III cements.

Abstract: 6-Hydroxyhexyl perfluoroisopropyl ether is prepared by reaction of hexafluoroacetone and potassium fluoride to obtain an alcoholate which is then reacted with 1-chloro-6-hexanol. One mole of the ether may be reacted with about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide to produce a hydroxyethyl ether. One mole of 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutanol may be reacted with from about 1 to about 5 moles of propylene oxide to produce a hydroxypropyl ether. One mole of hexafluorobutanol may also be reacted with about 1 to about 5 moles of propylene oxide and then about 1 mole to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide to produce a hydroxyethyl ether. The hydroxyhexyl ether, hydroxylpropyl ether and both hydroxyethyl ethers may be sulfated to produce anionic surfactants which are useful as antistatic agents and lubricants for polymeric shapes such as nylon films and filaments.

Abstract: Shelf life of silica based defoamer composition is improved by adding oil soluble resins and optionally aliphatic fatty acids to retard separation and to inhibit settling. The composition is useful in preventing foaming or in defoaming aqueous systems such as water based protective coatings, adhesives, black liquors and monomer stripping.