Abstract: A deflector which mounts on the hood of a vehicle to deflect bugs and dust away from the windshield during normal driving, and which is automatically stored flat against the hood when the vehicle is stopped or moving slowly. The deflector includes a pair of sheet-like members pivotally mounted on the front of the hood, so that they are lifted up by air moving over the hood during forward vehicle movement, or by a driver-operated vacuum cylinder.

Abstract: A person, who is to have his identity verified, first writes his signature or any other appropriate group of characters or symbols several times with a special pen which produces signals representative of the writing forces in the plane of the paper and the writing pressure. From these a number of different parameters are derived. These parameters may be, for example, average value, energy, timing, number of zero crossings, etc. Average values and standard deviations are obtained for each of these parameters and these are stored as components of a template vector. In order to detect whether or not a later handwriting sample is authentic, a measure of the difference between the template vector and the later handwriting sample vector is calculated. The distinction between true signatures and forgeries is then made on the basis of this difference. If it is less than an appropriately selected value the signature is judged authentic while if it is above such value it is judged a forgery.

Abstract: A writing pen capacitively detects and amplifies signals generated by a writing table that produces a varying electrostatic field near its writing surface. The pen cartridge, which senses the signal, is capacitively coupled to a concentric electrode, from which the signal which has been detected may be obtained for amplification.

Abstract: A method and means of making an immunological assay is provided whereby stable isotopes of certain elements, or long-lived radioisotopes of these elements are used to tag antigens or antibodies. A known amount of the tagged antibodies or antigens are then mixed with the unknown number of antigens or antibodies forming an antigen-antibody complex, (bound) and free tagged antigens, or antibodies, (unbound). The bound antigens or antibodies are separated from the unbound, and their quantity is determined by negative ion mass spectrometry. An aliquot of the unbound or bound antigens or antibodies is taken and dried in a metal crucible, for example, which is then inserted into a negative ion mass spectrometer where the sample is vaporized, ionized and the number of tagging atoms is then counted. From the information provided by the count, an immunoassay can be established.