Patents Represented by Attorney, Agent or Law Firm Lisa M. Fagan
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Patent number: 6361678Abstract: The present invention provides a method of detecting a short incident in an electrochemical cell (e.g., a Simons electrochemical fluorination cell or bipolar flow cell) using means for detecting vibration to detect vibration of an external piece on the cell. The present invention further provides a system for detecting a short incident in an electrochemical cell.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 2000Date of Patent: March 26, 2002Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: William V. Childs, Christopher L. Gross, Mark P. Smith, Eric A. Schotz
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Patent number: 6359170Abstract: Described are (alkyl,bromo)phenoxy alkyl(meth)acrylate monomers and polymers made therefrom.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1999Date of Patent: March 19, 2002Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventor: David B. Olson
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Patent number: 6355113Abstract: A non-aqueous cleaning process uses an organic solvent for removing soil or surface contamination from contaminated articles such as printed circuit boards which are cleaned by immersion into a sump compartment of a cleaning tank containing the organic cleaning solvent. The organic solvent is preferably a hydrocarbon solvent. The cleaned articles, now coated with the organic cleaning solvent, are then disposed in a rinsing sump containing a fluorocarbon based rinsing solvent having an affinity for the organic cleaning solvent. The organic solvent is thus removed from the articles which are then dried without waste water as in a conventional solvent vapor degreasing solvent process.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1998Date of Patent: March 12, 2002Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: David Nalewajek, Rajat Subhra Basu, David Paul Wilson, Michael Van Der Puy, Ellen Louise Swan, Peter Brian Logsdon, Gary J. Zyhowski, Hepburn Ingham, Daniel Franklin Harnish, Joel Edward Rodgers
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Patent number: 6303080Abstract: An apparatus for low temperature processing and high temperature sterilization comprising a hydrofluoroether heat-transfer fluid. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method therefor.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 2000Date of Patent: October 16, 2001Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventor: Phillip E. Tuma
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Patent number: 6294508Abstract: In one aspect, this invention provides a fluid comprising one or more hydrofluoroether(s) and one or more lubricious additive(s) for the cutting and abrasive treatment of metal, cermet, or composite materials. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of cutting and abrasively treating metal, cermet, or composite materials comprising applying to the metal, cermet, or composite workpiece and tool a fluid comprising a hydrofluoroether and a lubricious additive.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 2000Date of Patent: September 25, 2001Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: Dean S. Milbrath, Mark W. Grenfell
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Patent number: 6274543Abstract: The invention provides a non-flammable cleaning composition comprising (a) a major amount of one or more highly fluorinated compounds having a boiling point less than about 100° C.; (b) a minor amount of one or more fluorinated compounds containing at least one aromatic moiety and having a boiling point between about 100° C.and about 140° C.; and (c) a minor amount of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1999Date of Patent: August 14, 2001Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: Dean S. Milbrath, Ann T. Anich, John G. Owens
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Patent number: 6143405Abstract: The present invention provides electrically conductive, light colored coated particles that are particularly useful for the manufacture of static dissipative compositions. This invention also relates to static dissipative composites made with these coated particles.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1998Date of Patent: November 7, 2000Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventor: Charlotte M. Palmgren
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Patent number: 6134004Abstract: An open air analysis apparatus includes an optical source for providing an optical signal, an interferometer for modulating the optical signal, and an optical signal detector. The apparatus further includes a folded path mirror configuration defining a sample path through which the optical signal passes from the interferometer to the optical signal detector. An enclosure encloses and seals the sample path with the enclosure including at least one removable portion for allowing entry into the sample path of a representative sample of ambient air when the at least one removable portion is removed. The method of gas analysis includes providing an open air spectrometry system defining a sample path. The sample path is enclosed and sealed when the open air spectrometry system is calibrated. The sample path is then opened to allow ambient air therein and analysis of a sample of ambient air in the sample path is initiated.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1996Date of Patent: October 17, 2000Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: William K. Reagen, Jon R. Erickson, Richard C. Miller
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Patent number: 6051297Abstract: Retroreflective articles of the invention comprise a continuous base layer and a multi-color polymeric top layer. The invention also includes methods of making such retroreflective articles. The retroreflective articles of the invention provide excellent daytime contrast while maintaining nighttime retroreflectivity. Variously colored segments of polymer are directly and either sequentially or simultaneously coated onto a continuous backing to form a multi-colored top layer. Durability over existing multi-colored retroreflective articles is enhanced by use of a continuous base layer.Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1997Date of Patent: April 18, 2000Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: Gary William Maier, Eric Edward Rice
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Patent number: 6046368Abstract: Briefly, in one aspect, this invention provides a catalytic method of preparation of primary and secondary hydrofluoroethers, the process comprising reacting a fluorinated precursor material and an alkylating agent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst or a mixture comprising Lewis acid and Bronsted acid catalysts.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1998Date of Patent: April 4, 2000Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: William M. Lamanna, Richard M. Flynn, Daniel R. Vitcak, Zai-Ming Qiu
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Patent number: 6043201Abstract: In one aspect, this invention provides a composition for the cutting and abrasive treatment of metals and ceramic materials comprising a hydrofluoroether. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of cutting and abrasively treating metals and ceramic materials comprising applying to the metal or ceramic workpiece and tool a composition comprising a hydrofluoroether.Type: GrantFiled: September 17, 1996Date of Patent: March 28, 2000Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Dean S. Milbrath, Mark W. Grenfell, Daniel D. Krueger, Richard M. Flynn, Frederick E. Behr
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Patent number: 5962546Abstract: Compositions containing conductivity enhancers, which are capable of being coated onto a substrate by means of electrostatic assistance. The compositions comprise one or more cationically polymerizable monomer(s), one or more cationic initiator(s), and one or more non-volatile conductivity enhancer(s) having anionic and cationic portions which are soluble in the monomer(s) and which do not interfere with cationic polymerization wherein the anionic portion is a non-coordinating carbon-containing anion. The compositions may further comprise one or more dissociation enhancing agent(s), oligomer(s) or polymer(s), preferably co-reactive, free-radically curable monomer(s), free-radical generating initiator(s), leveling agents, and other additives or adjuvants to impart specific properties to the polymerized composition.Type: GrantFiled: May 1, 1997Date of Patent: October 5, 1999Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: Albert I. Everaerts, William M. Lamanna, Albert E. Seaver, George V. D. Tiers
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Patent number: 5942280Abstract: A method of making a ceramic retroreflective element having enhanced strength and increased retained reflectivity. The method of the present invention comprises forming retroreflective elements by the following steps:a) providing glass flakes;b) coating said glass flakes with a first barrier layer yielding coated glass flakes;c) providing optical elements;d) optionally coating said optical elements with a second barrier layer;e) blending said optical elements and said coated glass flakes;f) heating said optical elements and said coated glass flakes to spheroidize said flakes while agitating said optical elements and said coated glass flakes;g) further heating said optical elements and said spheroidized glass flakes to partially embed said optical elements in said spheroidized flakes while agitating said optical elements and said spheriodized flakes; andh) cooling said spheroidized flakes having partially embedded optical elements.Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1997Date of Patent: August 24, 1999Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventors: James Patrick Mathers, Kathleen Marie Humpal
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Patent number: 5928761Abstract: The articles of the present invention comprise optical elements embedded in either a core having a binder layer which is embedded in a road-binder or optical elements which are directly embedded into a binder layer. The binder layer may be part of a preformed pavement marking tape or may be applied directly to a traffic-bearing surface. The binder layer is comprised of a black pigment. The pavement marking articles of the present invention comprise one or more first region(s) wherein the first region(s) has a daytime appearance of black and is retroreflective.In another embodiment of the present invention, the pavement marking articles further comprise one or more second region(s) having a color which contrasts with black during the daytime and which is typically also retroreflective. The second region(s) is adjacent to the first region(s).Type: GrantFiled: July 16, 1997Date of Patent: July 27, 1999Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Thomas P. Hedblom, Gregory F. Jacobs
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Patent number: 5917652Abstract: All-ceramic retroreflective elements which may be used in pavement markings comprising an opacified ceramic core and ceramic optical elements partially embedded into the core.Type: GrantFiled: March 2, 1998Date of Patent: June 29, 1999Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: James P. Mathers, Kathleen M. Humpal, Roger W. Lange
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Patent number: 5905099Abstract: A heat-activatable adhesive comprising an acrylic copolymer, which copolymer comprises a monomer consisting of an acrylate or methacrylate ester of a non-tertiary alkyl alcohol having a Tg of about 0.degree. C. or lower; a monomer consisting of an acrylate or methacrylate ester of an alcohol having a Tg of at least about 5.degree. C.; and a functional monomer. Selected embodiments include a retroreflective article comprising a film having a substantially flat surface and a structured surface, the structured surface comprising a plurality of precisely shaped projections, a colored layer disposed on the structured surface and adhered thereto in a plurality of discrete locations, and a heat-activatable adhesive layer disposed on the colored layer.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1995Date of Patent: May 18, 1999Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Albert I. Everaerts, Yoshinori Araki, Michiru Hata
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Patent number: 5861211Abstract: Articles comprising a substrate, preferably a retroreflective sheeting, having a coating of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, and articles wherein the adhesive adheres the substrate to a highly monomericly plasticized PVC component, preferably a PVC coated fabric. The adhesive comprises a crosslinked copolymer of a first monofunctional acrylate ester of a non-tertiary alcohol having as a homopolymer a glass transition temperature of less than -25.degree. C., a nitrogen containing moderately basic monomer copolymerizable therewith selected from the group consisting of N,N-dialkyl substituted amides, an optional copolymerizable acidic monomer, an optional second monofunctional acrylate ester of a non-tertiary alcohol having as a homopolymer a glass transition temperature -25.degree. C. or greater, and a crosslinking agent. A method of bonding a highly monomericly plasticized PVC component to a substrate, preferably a retroreflective sheeting, using the adhesive.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 1996Date of Patent: January 19, 1999Assignee: Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Bimal V. Thakkar, Albert I. Everaerts
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Patent number: 5858545Abstract: Free-radically polymerizable release coating compositions containing conductivity enhancers, which are capable of being electrosprayed onto a substrate. The compositions comprise (a) about 100 parts by weight of one or more free-radically polymerizable vinyl monomer(s), (b) from about 0.05 to about 250 parts by weight of one or more polydiorganosiloxane polymer(s) copolymerizable with the vinyl monomer(s), and (c) from about 0.10 to about 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of (a) and (b), of one or more non-volatile conductivity enhancer(s), which are soluble in the monomer(s) and which do not interfere with polymerization, wherein the composition may be electrosprayed.The composition may further comprise from about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight of one or more initiator(s) based on 100 parts by weight of monomer(s) and polydiorganosiloxane polymer(s).Another embodiment of the present invention further comprises at least 0.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1996Date of Patent: January 12, 1999Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventors: Albert I. Everaerts, Mieczyslaw H. Mazurek, Albert E. Seaver
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Patent number: RE37054Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for using certain hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) as low temperature heat transfer media in secondary loop refrigeration systems. These materials exhibit a low, somewhat linear Temperature Difference Factor over the temperature range of −15° C. to −65° C., making them ideal for use as low temperature heat transfer media. The HFEs of the present invention are nonflammable, nontoxic, environmentally benign, and have a high heat transfer capacity and low viscosity over the required operating temperatures. Furthermore, since these materials have high boiling points and low freezing points, they are not prone to phase changes over the required operating temperatures, and do not require pressurized systems.Type: GrantFiled: March 11, 1999Date of Patent: February 20, 2001Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing CompanyInventor: Gregory J. Sherwood
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Patent number: RE37119Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for using certain hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) as low temperature heat transfer media in secondary loop refrigeration systems. These materials exhibit a low, somewhat linear Temperature Difference Factor over the temperature range of −15° C. to −65° C., making them ideal for use as low temperature heat transfer media. The HFEs of the present invention are nonflammable, nontoxic, environmentally benign, and have a high heat transfer capacity and low viscosity over the required operating temperatures. Furthermore, since these materials have high boiling points and low freezing points, they are not prone to phase changes over the required operating temperatures, and do not require pressurized systems.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 2000Date of Patent: April 3, 2001Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties CompanyInventor: Gregory J. Sherwood