Abstract: A spread spectrum communication system includes a receiving section which receives a signal produced by modulating a carrier of a predetermined frequency with a spread spectrum signal which has been modulated with a spread code of a clock frequency fC and mixes the received signal with a local oscillation signal to provide a spread spectrum signal component wherein a local oscillation frequency fL of said local oscillation signal is set at fL.apprxeq.fC+fo or fL>fC+fo or fL.apprxeq.fo-fC or fL<fo-fC where fo represents frequency of said received signal. The received signal may be a signal which has been converted to an intermediate frequency signal after being received by the receiving section. The spread spectrum communication system can prevent a spread spectrum signal from being impaired due to variation in a transmission frequency or oscillation frequency in a receiving section and can thereby accurately demodulate the received signal.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array comprises: a first wiring group composed of a plurality of first wirings (C1, C2, C3, . . . ); a second wiring group composed of a plurality of second wirings (R1, R2, R3, . . . ); a plurality of programmable elements (A11, A12, A13, . . . ) arranged into an array pattern at at least one of plural intersections between the first wirings and the second wirings, each of the programmable element being connected to each of the first wirings (C1, C2, C3, . . . ) at one end thereof and to each of the second wirings (R1, R2, R3, . . . ) at the other end thereof and being programmed by a programming voltage applied between the first wiring and second wiring to switch connection between the first and second wirings to disconnection between the two wirings or vice versa; and voltage supplying sections (CD1, RD1) for applying a programming voltage between the first and second wirings (C1, C2, C3, . . . ; R1, R2, R3, . . .

Abstract: On the bottom face of a measurement section, measurement electrodes and a reference electrode are formed and a solution supply pipe is opened. Then, if a predetermined electrolytic solution is supplied from the solution supply pipe, the electrolytic solution can be held on an electrolytic solution holding surface on the lower end of the measurement section, utilizing the surface tension thereof for providing a gas reception portion. Since the electrolytic solution is exposed directly to the air, substances in a vapor phase (particularly, odor substances) are diffused into the electrolytic solution, causing an electric state to change. The substances in the vapor phase can be detected by detecting the electric state change. The electrolytic solution held on the lower face of the measurement section can be updated by further supplying more electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An FM multiplex broadcasting and receiving system has an FM multiplex broadcast apparatus and an FM multiplex receiving apparatus. The FM multiplex broadcast apparatus has a reproducing device for reproducing, from a recording medium, an audio signal and character data associated with the audio signal recorded in the recording medium. The FM multiplex broadcast apparatus also includes a multiplex device and a frequency modulation device. The multiplex device multiplexes the audio signal with additional information such as the character data to generate a multiplex signal. The frequency modulation device frequency modulates a carrier with the multiplex signal to provide an FM multiplex broadcasting signal. The FM multiplexing receiving apparatus has a frequency demodulating device for frequency demodulating the FM multiplex broadcast signal to provide an audio signal and an additional information data signal, a displaying device displaying the additional information data signal.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a bipolar transistor by forming emitter regions of PNP and NPN transistors with diffusion of impurity from the polycrystalline silicon film into the substrate, the B-doped polycrystalline silicon film is deposited on the interlayer insulating film in which the emitter holes of the PNP and NPN transistors are made. Further, the interlayer insulating film is deposited on this film, and the portion of the insulating film which situated on the NPN transistor region is removed. Then, the thermal treatment is carried out in a high-concentration P atmosphere, so as to change the portion of the film which is located on the NPN transistor region to a P-doped polycrystalline silicon film. With this thermal treatment, the P-type and N-type emitter diffusion regions are formed on the base regions of the PNP and NPN transistors.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit comprises an input signal terminal to which an input signal is supplied from an outer unit, a plurality of input voltage sensing circuits each having a different circuit threshold value and connected to the input signal terminal, for sensing whether a voltage of the input signal is higher or lower than a predetermined normal level, a power supply voltage sensing circuit for sensing whether a power supply voltage applied from another outer unit is a normal power supply voltage or a voltage different from the normal power supply voltage, a selection circuit for selecting a corresponding one from a plurality of the input voltage sensing circuits in accordance with an output of the power supply sensing circuit, and an internal circuit to which an output of a selected one of the input voltage sensing circuits is connected.

Abstract: An improved electrical component, such as a capacitor, is fabricated from a porous plug formed from metal impregnated with a ceramic material. In the case of a capacitor, the ceramic material is a dielectric composition. A metal which does not oxidize at temperatures close to the ceramic sintering temperature can be used to fabricate the plug. A first lead is attached directly to the plug. The plug is infiltrated and coated with a layer of the ceramic material. The plug which is infiltrated and coated with ceramic material is fired to sinter the dielectric. A second lead is then attached to the layer of ceramic and if a dielectric ceramic composition was used, then a capacitor is formed.

Abstract: In a door assembly composed of a door frame, a door having a hinge side and a hinge supporting the door on the frame for pivotal movement of the door between an open position and a closed position, the hinge side of the door facing, and being adjacent to, a portion of the frame when the door is in the closed position, the door is provided with a recess in the hinge side; and the assembly is further provided with at least one projecting element secured to the frame portion to project into the recess when the door is in the closed position and having a mass of thermally intumescent material which is expandable for securing the projecting element to the door upon being heated above a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A porous living body repairing member obtained by compression-molding a metal fiber material into a desired shape, sintering the fiber mesh body or thereafter, and imparting a compressive stress of not more than 4.00 to 40.0 MPa to provide a porous living body repairing member having a compressive elasticity of not more than 2000 MPa and a permanent deformation of not more than 1% under a stress below a compressive yield stress.The compressive yield stress becomes approximately equal to the above compressive stress, and almost complete elasticity of a permanent deformation rate of not more than 0.1% is shown with respect to a compressive stress below this compressive yield stress. Accordingly, even when the porous living body repairing member is used at a high compressive load site such as man's lumbar body, permanent deformation hardly occurs.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, an interlayer insulating film is formed along a surface of a semiconductor substrate having a stepped surface. A stopper surface is formed at least at a recess in the interlayer insulating film. The interlayer insulating film and the stopper film are polished until the interlayer insulating film and the stopper film are exposed on the same plane. The stopper film remaining after the polishing is etched and removed. The interlayer insulating film is polished and flattened.

Abstract: This invention relates to a motor drive device for a stepping motor used for equipment such as facsimile machine, a scanner and a printer. The motor drive device changes an excitation phase of the stepping motor in response to a motor drive instruction signal sent from a control circuit of the equipment. The motor drive device includes a register for receiving and storing data about delay times and excitation ratios sent from the control circuit of the equipment. The motor drive device changes the excitation phase of the stepping motor in accordance with the data stored in the register. The motor drive device can shorten equipment design period and reduce manufacturing cost. Further, the motor drive device can improve image reading resolution and image recording qualities.

Abstract: At a peripheral area of a semiconductor chip where active elements are not formed, a layer underlying a power supply wiring or ground wiring is provided with an uneven surface. The uneven or corrugated surface at the interface between the wiring and the underlying layer makes the wiring unsusceptible to slide. The uneven surface can be realized by interposing foreign matters between insulating layers, by selectively reducing the thickness of an insulating layer, or by forming openings in an insulating layer.

Abstract: A wheelchair composed of a frame with a seating surface, a backrest, a plurality of wheels and a lifting device for lifting a user of the wheelchair from a seated position to a standing position. The lifting device includes two spars connected to the frame to have a substantially vertical orientation when in use and a mechanism for converting a manual force into a lifting force for lifting the user toward the standing position. The mechanism for converting is composed of: a seating band positionable to act on the user's body; at lease two deflection rollers on each spar; and at least one lifting cable linked to the seating band and passing around the deflection rollers in order to guide the seating band in a manner to cause the lifting force to be directed forwardly and upwardly.

Abstract: Coin processing apparatus electromagnetically tests an inserted coin, separates genuine coins from counterfeit coins by a first pathway switching mechanism, and stores genuine coins in change tubes and a cash-box by a second pathway switching mechanism, according to the type of coin. The pathway along which the coins pass is provided with pass sensors at two positions therein, where one pass sensor detects the coins and the other pass sensor controls the operation of the second pathway switching mechanism in such as manner as to prevent passing coins from becoming trapped therein. The second pathway switching mechanism is operated after a predetermined time has elapsed from the fall of a detection signal from a pass sensor, to end the flow of current through and thereby prevent overheating of a solenoid therein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound which has a fluoroalkyl group, a lipophilic group (an alkyl group) and a hydrophilic group in the same molecule.

Abstract: An automatic accompaniment apparatus which performs automatic accompaniment with a natural sounding advancement of chords. In the automatic accompaniment apparatus, one of component sounds of a chord which has a particular position in the order of the pitch is set as a reference part sound. The inversion type of chord is determined from the reference part sound, and then sounds of the chord are produced in accordance with the inversion type thus determined. The apparatus determines, as production of sounds of chords proceeds, a reference part sound of a present chord in accordance with a musical interval relationship of component sounds of the present chord to another reference part sound of a preceding chord and in accordance with a preset rule. The inversion type of the present chord is determined by the reference part sound.

Abstract: The control voltage .phi.1 outputted by the control voltage generating circuit 1 is at a low level in a range where an external supply voltage Vcc is lower than the threshold value of the transistor P1, but increases continuously in analog manner when the external supply voltage Vcc rises. After having matched the external supply voltage Vcc, the control voltage .phi.1 increases in the same way as the external supply voltage Vcc. By use of the control voltage provided with the characteristics as described above for an output circuit, controlled is the gate of a transistor P4 of a low-voltage operating output section 6 operative only at a voltage lower than a predetermined value. The transistor P2 of a full-voltage operating output section 5 of the output circuit is always operative on the basis of the control signal .phi.H of the data output control circuit 3.