Abstract: The invention provides lenses that are designed by taking into account one or more of pupil size, field, and decentration.

Abstract: A method for designing contact lenses is provided in which direct correlation is made between an individual's subjective assessment of the lens' performance with the objective measurement of one or both of on-eye lens position and eyelid movement. The method permits generation of lens designs that have enhanced on-eye stability in less time than conventional design methods.

Abstract: The present provides deformable molds and methods for manufacturing ophthalmic lenses using deformable molds. The molds of the invention may be used in the custom manufacture of ophthalmic lenses.

Abstract: Defocus and astigmatism compensation methods and apparatuses for use in an aberration measurement system. The apparatuses including reflectors for altering the optical distance between a pair of lenses passing a wavefront without changing the physical distance between the lenses, thereby compensating for defocus in the wavefront; and cylindrical mirrors for adding and removing curvature from a curved wavefront, thereby compensating for astigmatism in the wavefront. The methods including passing a wavefront having defocus through a first lens on a first path, reflecting the wavefront from the first path to a second path, reflecting the wavefront from the second path to a third path, and passing the wavefront through a second lens as a defocus compensated wavefront; and passing a wavefront through first and second cylindrical lens, and orienting the first and second cylindrical lenses with respect to the wavefront and to one another to compensate for astigmatism in the wavefront.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for producing lenses by casting. The processes utilize a two-stage, ultraviolet cure to provide a fast and reliable method for producing ophthalmic lenses.

Abstract: The invention provides correction of wavefront aberrations of the eye that take into account fluctuations in the aberrations due to biophysical rhythms. Correction is provided for an intermediate value of these fluctuations of the wavefront aberrations. This intermediate value is determined by extrapolating a wavefront measurement to predict the overall variation. The final correction is determined using a weighting scheme derived from the clinical comparisons of the frequency and amplitude components of the variations.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions for producing lenses by casting. The compositions are useful in producing ophthalmic lens by casting of a surface or layer onto a preform.

Abstract: The invention provides contact lenses that have contoured lens edges that improve lens handling and comfort.

Abstract: The invention provides toric contact lenses that exhibit good fit and good on-eye orientation regardless of whether the lens has a plus or a minus spherical power.

Abstract: The invention provides progressive addition lenses in which lens unwanted astigmatism is reduced and channel width through the intermediate and near vision zones is increased as compared to conventional progressive addition lenses. This result is achieved by combining a progressive addition surface with a first dioptric add power with at least one optical element that provides additional dioptric add power to the lens.

Abstract: Biomedical devices with stable, hydrophilic and antimicrobial coatings are provided. The coatings are formed using a coupling agent to bond a carboxyl containing hydrophilic coating to the surface by ester or amide linkages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the reduction dechlorination of ClCF.sub.2 CFClCF.sub.2 Cl to HCF.sub.2 CHFCF.sub.2 H comprising the step of contacting 1,2,3-trichloropentafluoroethane and H.sub.2 over a catalyst selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthinium, rhodium, iridium and mixtures thereof under reaction conditions sufficent to produce a product stream containing 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane. The present invention further relates to a three step process wherein the ClCF.sub.2 CFClCF.sub.2 Cl to be reduced is synthesized by:(a) reacting HF with a compound of formula I: XCH.dbd.CYCH.sub.2 X, where X is H, Cl, or F, Y is H or Cl;to give a compound of formula II: CH.sub.2 XCFYCH.sub.2 X, where X and Y are the same as in the compound of formula I:(b) chlorinating the compound of formula II to give a compound of formula III: CCl.sub.3-m F.sub.m CFClCCl.sub.3-m F.sub.m where m is zero or 1, and(c) fluorinating the compound of formula III to give CClF.sub.2 CFClCF.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for separating dichlorodifluoromethane from difluoromethane. More specifically, a process is provided for separating dichlorodifluoromethane and difluoromethane using azeotropic distillation.

Abstract: An improved ion exchange process for purifying and/or concentrating hydroxylamine from an aqueous solution comprising hydroxylammonium ion and counter anions wherein ion exchange process conditions including effluent pH, effluent conductivity, and ion exchange bed height can be monitored and used to identify when to switch from an ion exchange step feed to a water wash feed, and to switch from a desorbent step to a water rinse step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vapor phase process for the production of difluoromethane, HFC-32. The process of this invention provides for the preparation of HFC-32 by a process that exhibits both good product yield and selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides refrigerant blends which are replacements for chlorodifluoromethane(HCFC-22). The present blends have refrigeration characteristics which are similar to HCFC-22. The blends comprise from about 10 to about 90 weight percent of a first component selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, difluoromethane, propane, and mixtures thereof; from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a second component selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, fluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, inorganic compound, and mixtures thereof having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range from about -90 degrees C. to less than -50 degrees C.; and from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a third component which is hydrofluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, other than 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range from about -50 degrees C. to about -10 degrees C.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of trifluoromethane, carbon dioxide, ethane, and hexafluoroethane are provided. The compositions of the invention are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: A process for producing benzophenone compounds is provided. Specifically, a process is provided for producing benzophenone compounds in which a diphenylmethane compound is reacted with manganese dioxide and a strong acid. The process yields the product benzophenone in high purity and good yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering sulfur hexafluoride ("SF.sub.6 "). More specifically, the invention provides a pressure swing adsorption--desorption process for recovering SF.sub.6 from a gas stream using zeolites, activated carbons, or silicalites to adsorb the SF.sub.6.