Abstract: The quality of temper in a glass sheet is determined by repeatedly scoring the glass sheet with a laser beam, to incrementally penetrate the compression zone, until the glass sheet shatters.

Abstract: A glazing article comprises a substrate bearing a substantially transparent coating comprising an optically functional topcoat and a thinner anti-iridescence layer undercoat mediate the topcoat and the substrate. The anti-iridescence layer eliminates or substantially reduces iridescence and, in addition, is readily designed to make the overall coating either colorless or to provide a substantially uniform muted color. The anti-iridescence layer comprises a first thickness zone in which the refractive index is higher than that of the substrate. A low refractive index zone is positioned directly on the high refractive index zone. A second high refractive index zone is positioned on the low refractive index zone, such that the low refractive index zone is directly sandwiched between the two high refractive index zones. A fourth zone, a low refractive index zone, follows the second high refractive index zone.

Abstract: This specification discloses reduced tungsten oxide electrochromic material, useful in an electrochromic device, having excellent electrochromic properties. The oxidation number of the tungsten of the material as deposited on a support of the device in a stable bleached condition is, on average, between +5.99 and +5.90. The material may be made by reducing fully oxidized tungsten oxide by a reducing agent. The reducing agent may be a metal or a metal oxide.

Abstract: A grinding wheel assembly comprises a grinding wheel, a flange for directing flow of coolant/lubricant against the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, and, in a preferred embodiment, a threaded shaft and nut for securing the flange adjacent the grinding wheel. The flange includes a circumferential trough formed at the periphery thereof for holding a fluid therein by centripetal force during rotation of the assembly and a plurality of apertures for admitting a flow of fluid therethrough to the circumferential trough. Fluid overflows a weir on a wall of the circumferential trough and enters slots formed in the peripheral surface of the grinding wheel.

Abstract: A process for preparing thermally durable anti-reflective glass comprises injecting element ions into the surface region of a glass sheet by ion implantation and thereafter treating the surface of the glass sheet with an acid or acid salt to remove excess alkali from the surface thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for sensing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in a measurement gas, e.g., the exhaust gas from an automobile engine. A solid state electrochemical oxygen pumping cell adds oxygen into the apparatus which contains a solid state combustibles sensor for sensing the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The oxygen may be obtained from ambient air or by dissociation of gasses like water present in the measurement gas.

Abstract: A substantially transparent glazing article has an optically functional coating on a transparent substrate. The coating has an optically functional topcoat layer and an anti-iridescence layer between the topcoat and the substrate. The refractive index anti-iridescence layer is (i) higher than the refractive index of the substrate in a first high refractive index zone directly on the substrate surface, (ii) lower than that of the first high refractive index zone in a low refractive index zone directly on the first high refractive index zone, and (iii) higher than that of the low refractive index zone in a second high refractive index zone directly on the low refractive index zone. The refractive index of the anti-iridescence layer varies in at least one of the zones substantially continuously with distance from the substrate surface. Contiguous zones may together form a single gradient index zone.

Abstract: An anti-reflective coating employing Si.sub.1-x H.sub.x as a high refractive index material in a film pair together with SiO.sub.2 as a low refractive index material is found to be substantially transparent to visible light and to provide good anti-reflectance where the Si.sub.1-x H.sub.x film is ultra-thin, preferably less than about 80 Angstroms, and the thickness of the SiO.sub.2 film is matched to that of the Si.sub.1-x H.sub.x film. Laminated glazing units having such anti-reflective film can be used, for example, even in applications requiring high transmittance of visible light, such as motor vehicle windshields, in view of the substantial transparency of the coating.

Abstract: An anti-reflective coating employing a gradient layer of Si.sub.1-x Q.sub.x O.sub.y wherein Q is H, for which x has a value from zero to 0.5, or N, for which x has a value from zero to 0.58, and the value of y varies with depth in the coating, increasing from zero closest the substrate to 2. In certain preferred embodiments the anti-reflective coating is substantially transparent to visible light and yet provides good anti-reflectance. Laminated glazing units having such anti-reflective coatings can be used, for example, in applications requiring high transmittance of visible light, such as motor vehicle windshields.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for making multiphase copper oxide based materials which have a phase having a zero resistance transition temperature above about 200K. The method comprises subjecting a copper oxide based material precursor to an oxygenation in an atmosphere comprising more than about 20% oxygen by volume at a temperature less than about 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient to form the material. The invention also is directed to maintaining the properties of a copper oxide based material having a zero resistance transition temperature above 150K.

Abstract: A glazing unit comprises a substrate ply and a laminating ply laminated to a surface of the substrate ply. A coating on the laminated surface of the substrate ply is a film stack comprising an electrically conductive film of silver metal covered by a tantalum pentoxide dielectric film immediately adjacent the laminating ply. Between the silver film and the tantalum pentoxide film is an adhesion film of metal selected from zinc and copper. Applications include, for example, glazing units for solar load reduction and electrically heated glazing units.

Abstract: A heated exhaust gas oxygen sensor assembly that automatically detects whether the heater in the assembly is malfunctioning. The assembly includes an oxygen sensor, heater, impedance sensor, and controller. The oxygen sensor detects the relative oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and issues signal along a pair of output leads. The heater physically warms the oxygen sensor. The impedance sensor is interconnected to the output leads of the oxygen sensor and provides an impedance measurement to the controller. The controller compares the impedance to a predetermined threshold value to judge the effect of the heater in physically warming the sensor. If the impedance is above a predetermined threshold, the controller determines that the heater is not operating properly and issues an alarm signal.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a self-sealing, polyether-functional liquid electrolyte useful in an electrochromic device. The electrolyte comprises the reaction product of a polyether polyamine and a mono-epoxide hydrolyzable silane. The polyether polyamine and the mono-epoxide silane are preferably reacted in amounts so as to provide at least about 2 molecules of mono-epoxide silane per molecule of polyether polyamine.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a shelf-stable, powder composition adapted to form a high T.sub.g, thermally stable, impact resistant thermoset material. The composition consists essentially of a mixture of an allyl-functional prepolymer component and polymaleimide component. The allyl-functional prepolymer component is the reaction product of an aromatic allyl-functional compound and a modifying compound wherein the compounds contain mutually reactive funtionalities such as an aromatic allyl-functional epoxide compound and a modifying amine compound.

Abstract: The electrochemical device and method measures the relative amount of measurement gas consisting essentially of at least one oxygen containing gas in a gas mixture containing at least a second oxygen containing gas which is capable of being pumped out or disassociated at a voltage less than that which is capable of disassociating the measurement gas. The mixture may comprise e.g., O.sub.2, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 O. Two electrochemical pump cells and a support structure form a restricted volume in communication through an aperture to the gas mixture. The device comprises a first external electrical circuit means across a first pump cell for applying a voltage to cause molecules of substantially all second oxygen containing gas molecules inside the restricted volume to be pumped out of the restricted volume or disassociated.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a polyether-functional liquid electrolyte and epoxy curable liquid electrolyte compositions comprising same, methods of making such materials and electrochromic devices comprising such materials. The liquid electrolyte is a hydrolytic condensation product of aminosilane containing (i) at least one active amine group, and (ii) at least two hydrolyzable polyether groups attached to a silicon atom, wherein the product has some of the polyether groups attached to some of the silicon atoms.

Abstract: A thin film superconductor assembly is disclosed along with a method of fabricating same. The assembly comprises a self-supporting substrate defining at least a portion of a containment for a flow of cryogenic fluid, a dielectric layer adherent to a surface of the substrate, a thin film superconductor adherent to the dielectric layer and a moisture and oxygen impervious electrically insulating coating covering the thin film superconductor. A method of forming such thin film superconductor assembly, wherein the dielectric layer consists essentially of aluminum nitride, comprises growing the aluminum nitride dielectric layer integrally on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a thick-film circuit having at least one thick-film resistor element upon a substrate and laser scribing the substrate to remove the circuit from the remaining portion of the substrate. A thick-film circuit comprising conductor lines and at least one resistor element is first printed upon a substrate. Thereafter, the resistor element may be laser trimmed to increase the resistance value thereof. After laser trimming, a protective material such as ethyl cellulose is coated onto the outer surface of the resistor element to protect it from hot-slag ceramic material generated during a laser scribing operation. The substrate is then topside laser scribed to separate the thick-film circuit from the remaining portion of the substrate. Following laser scribing, the protective material is removed by washing the resistor element with a solvent.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a detection system for the quantitative analysis of chemical components of an aqueous phosphate conversion-coating bath, in particular, to a system for determining the concentration of zinc ions, phosphate ions, nitrite ions, and the pH of a purified sample of the bath. Optionally, the concentrations of other ions which might be present such as fluoride ions and nickel ions also can be determined. This detection system is preferably an automated on-line detection system employing X-ray fluorescence analysis, and flow injection analysis comprising specific ion electrodes and a flow through colorimeter or spectrophotometer. The automated, on-line detection system comprises computer means for automating said detection system and the computer means may be adapted for recording the resultant determinations and maintaining the chemical components at chosen concentrations in the bath.

Abstract: This invention is directed to composite coating for maintaining low moisture levels at the surface of solid substrates. One embodiment of the invention comprises a coating having a desiccant layer between layers of the same or different elastomeric polymers. Another embodiment comprises a layer of elastomeric polymer covered with a layer of an elastomeric polymer/desiccant mixture. The composite coating may be applied to integrated circuits to prevent corrosion thereof.