Abstract: Method and apparatus for use in burners of furnaces such as those used in steam cracking. The apparatus includes a burner tube having a downstream end and an upstream end for receiving fuel and air, flue gas or mixtures thereof. A burner tip is mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip. At least one passageway has a first end at a second opening in the furnace and a second end in a primary air chamber adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube. The passageway also has structure for injecting steam into the passageway and a means for drawing flue gas from the furnace through the passageway.

Abstract: An improved burner and a method for combusting fuel in a burner used in furnaces such as those found in steam cracking. The burner includes a burner tube having a downstream end and an upstream end, the burner tube having a venturi therein; a fuel spud located adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube, for introducing fuel gas into the burner tube; a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace; at least one passageway having a first end and a second end adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube; means for drawing flue gas from the furnace, through the passageway, in response to an inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel gas exiting the fuel spud, the uncombusted fuel gas flowing through the burner tube from its upstream end towards its downstream end; and means for increasing the inspirating effect of uncombusted fuel gas exiting the fuel spud.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as the type employed in steam cracking.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a burner tube having a downstream end and an upstream end. A burner tip is mounted on the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip. A fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube is included for introducing fuel into the burner tube. The burner may also include at least one passageway for supplying flue gas from the furnace into a primary air chamber. The burner also has a structure responsive to an inspirating effect created by uncombusted fuel exiting the fuel orifice for drawing flue gas from the furnace through the passageway and the primary air chamber. The burner also includes a plate for centering the fuel orifice with the burner tube, the centering plate being perforated to permit flow therethrough.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber; a burner tube including (i) a downstream end, (ii) an upstream end in fluid communication with the primary air chamber, and (iii) a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube and directed to a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip; at least one flue gas recirculation duct having a first end at a second opening in the furnace and a second end opening into the primary air chamber, the first end being spaced an effective distance from the first opening for minimizing entrainment of a burner flame into the second opening.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making trialkyl acetic acid (“neo acid”) esters and a neo acid ester composition. Neo acid esters are made by contacting a neo acid stream, comprising a mixture of neo acids, with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The invention has the benefit of providing a desired neo acid ester composition, while eliminating, or at least limiting, the need for separation and/or purification of the reactants prior to the synthesis of the desired neo acid esters.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber; a burner tube having an upstream end, a downstream end and a venturi intermediate said upstream and downstream ends, said venturi including a throat portion having substantially constant internal cross-sectional dimensions such that the ratio of the length to maximum internal cross-sectional dimension of said throat portion is at least 3; a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of said burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of said burner tip; and a fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of said burner tube, for introducing fuel into said burner tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in burners of furnaces such as those used in steam cracking. The apparatus includes a burner tube having a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent to a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip. At least one passageway from a second opening in the furnace ending adjacent to the upstream end of the burner tube is provided. Also provided is a means for drawing flue gas from the furnace through the passageway in response to an inspirating effect created by uncombusted fuel flowing through the burner tube. At least one heat exchange tube disposed in the passageway wherein air that is cooler than the flue gas flows through the heat exchange tube into a secondary air chamber permitting heat to be transferred from the flue gas to the air to create preheated air.

Abstract: System for reducing NOx emissions from burners of furnaces such as those used in steam cracking. The system includes a furnace having at least one burner, the at least one burner including a primary air chamber; a burner tube including a downstream end, an upstream end in fluid communication with the primary air chamber for receiving air, flue gas or mixtures thereof and fuel, a venturi portion positioned between the downstream end and the upstream end, and a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent the first opening in the furnace for combusting the fuel downstream of the burner tip; and a fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube for introducing fuel into the burner tube; a source of flue gas, said source positioned so as to enable the flue gas to achieve a temperature of less than 2000° F.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the temperature of the recirculated flue gas in a flue gas recirculation duct for burners in industrial furnaces such as those used in steam cracking.

Abstract: This invention is related to a catalytically cracked or thermally cracked naphtha stream. The naphtha stream is contacted with a catalyst containing from about 10 to 50 wt. % of a crystalline zeolite having an average pore diameter less than about 0.7 nanometers at reaction conditions which include temperatures from about 500° C. to about 650° C. and a hydrocarbon partial pressure from about 10 to 40 psia. The resulting product is a high octane naphtha.

Abstract: A method and system for generating power include using a cogeneration power system having a gas turbine. The gas turbine has a compressor section for receiving air to be compressed. The compressed air is fed to a combustor section where it is mixed with fuel and the fuel is burned to produce heated combustion gas. The heated combustion gas is expanded in an expander section to generate shaft work which is used to drive a generator or alternator for producing electric power. The heated combustion gas leaves the expander as turbine exhaust which is cooled by transferring at least part of its heat to the air ahead of the combustor.

Abstract: A composition containing isomeric mixtures of arylaldehydes prepared from a mixed alkyl aromatic feedstock. A composition containing isomeric mixtures of dimethylbenzaldehydes prepared from a mixed xylene feedstock using a Gatterman-Koch type reaction. A composition of isomeric mixtures of tolualdehydes prepared from a toluene feedstock using a Gatterman-Koch type reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for maintaining heat balance in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit. More specifically, the invention relates to a combustion control method capable of maintaining or restoring heat balance by conducting, under appropriate conditions, fuel and an oxygen-containing gas to a transfer line. The transfer line conducts effluent including spent catalyst and combustion products to the unit's catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: A method of fueling a gas turbine with methane gas originating from low-methane (40%-80%) natural gas comprising the following steps: 1) blending inert gas and a natural gas stream, 2) removing at least one acid from the blend, 3) hydrating the blend, 4) converting part of the methane to hydrogen, 5) dehydrating the blend obtained in step (4) for ultimately obtaining a dehydrated hydrogen enhanced inert gas/methane gas/hydrogen gas blend, and 5) fueling a gas turbine with the blend obtained in step (5).

Abstract: Disclosed are silicoaluminates (SAPOs) having unique silicon distributions, a method for their preparation and their use as naphtha cracking catalysts. More particularly, the new SAPOs have a high silica:alumina ratio and favorable Si atom distribution.