Abstract: Dehydrated compositions are obtained by: combining a hydrous composition, e.g., a hydrous electrolyte salt, with inert fluorochemical liquid; heating the resulting mixture in a vessel to volatilize water and inert fluorochemical liquid therein until the water content of the mixture is reduced to a desired level; optionally treating the resulting dehydrated mixture with another chemical material, e.g., a polar organic solvent; and optionally subjecting the dehydrated mixture or the treated dehydrated mixture to further treatment, e.g., separation of the mixture. Liquid electrolytes suitable for use in battery applications can be prepared by this method.

Abstract: A process for preparing fluorochemical compounds, e.g., perfluoroalkanes, perfluoroethers, and perfluoroalkyl tertiary amines, comprises(a) forming a mixture comprising at least one fluorinatable, non-functional organic starting compound, e.g., propane, and at least one other compound which is present in an amount sufficient to enable the formation of a fluorochemical phase and which is selected from the group consisting of(i) perfluorochemical compounds, e.g., perfluorohexane, which boil at a higher temperature than either the fluorinatable, non-functional organic starting compound or the fluorochemical compound resulting from the subsequent fluorination of the fluorinatable, non-functional organic starting compound; and(ii) precursor compounds, e.g., hexane, which can be fluorinated in situ to produce such perfluorochemical compounds; and(b) subjecting the mixture to electrochemical fluorination in the presence of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: An article suitable for use in bonding to metal, glass, or ceramic substrates at high temperatures, e.g., above about 400.degree. C, comprises (a) a thermally stable backing material, such as a metal foil or an inorganic fabric; and (b) a coating on at least a portion of at least one major surface of the backing material, the coating consisting essentially of fused or fusible particles selected from glass particles, ceramic particles, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the coating further contains a non-pressure sensitive adhesive vehicle such as pine oil, to aid in application and retention of the particles.

Abstract: A liquid phase process for making perfluorinated organic substances which comprises directly contacting in a temperature-controlled reactor a diluted solution or dispersion of a perfluorinateable, organic substance in a liquid, inert medium with a stoichiometric excess of fluorine gas, optionally diluted with an inert gas, to perfluorinate said organic substance at a temperature and a flow rate of inert gas (if used) sufficient to volatilize the resulting by-product hydrogen fluoride, removing said hydrogen fluoride from the reactor as it is produced, and separately removing from the reactor the resultant solution or dispersion of perfluorinated organic substance.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a perfluorochemical composition comprises continuously mixing the perfluorochemical composition, comprising a liquid mixture of inert perfluorochemicals (e.g., perfluoroalkanes, perfluoroethers, perfluoroaminoethers, or perfluoroalkyl tertiary amines) and isomeric fluorohydrochemicals, with a stabilization composition comprising water-miscible alkanol and an aqueous solution of base (such as potassium hydroxide) made by dissolving the base in an amount of water sufficient to dissolve or disperse the fluoride salt by-products of the subsequent reaction of the base with the fluorohydrochemicals to form fluoroolefins, the amount of the alkanol in the stabilization composition being in stoichiometric excess of the amount needed to completely convert the fluoroolefins to alkoxyvinyl ethers. The process can be utilized to purify the product mixtures resulting from fluorination methods such as direct fluorination or ECF.

Abstract: An electrochemical fluorination process comprises passing by forced convection a liquid mixture comprising anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and fluorinatable organic compound, e.g., tripropyl amine, at a temperature and pressure at which a substantially continuous liquid phase is maintained, between the electrodes of a bipolar electrode stack. The bipolar electrode stack comprises a plurality of substantially parallel, spaced-apart electrodes made of an electrically-conductive material, e.g., nickel, which is essentially inert to anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and which, when used as an anode, is active for electrochemical fluorination, and the electrodes of the stack are arranged in either a series or a series-parallel electrical configuration. The bipolar electrode stack has an applied voltage difference which produces a direct current which can cause the production of fluorinated organic compound, e.g., perfluoro(tripropyl amine).

Abstract: A process for preparing perfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluorides, e.g., perfluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride, comprises electrochemically fluorinating in the presence of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at least one precursor compound selected from the group consisting of .alpha.,.beta.-difluoroalkane-.beta.-sultones, e.g., 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane sultone, and the corresponding .alpha.-halocarbonylfluoroalkanesulfonyl halides, e.g., fluorocarbonyldifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride. The process can be used to prepare perfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluorides in good yield and can be, for example, both more electrically-efficient and more fluorine-efficient than the conventional preparative method involving the electrochemical fluorination of hydrocarbon alkanesulfonyl halides.

Abstract: A process for the oligomerization of hexafluoropropene comprises contacting hexafluoropropene with a catalyst or a mixture of catalysts selected from the group consisting of the cyanide, cyanate, and thiocyanate salts of alkali metals, quaternary ammonium, and quaternary phosphonium, in the presence of polar, aprotic solvent, e.g., acetonitrile. The process of the invention is especially useful for selectively preparing hexafluoropropene dimers, e.g., perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentene, in good yield by the proper choice of solvent and catalyst.