Abstract: The instant invention involves a method for warming cold or frozen engines in low temperature conditions, such as minus 40.degree. F. or below. The method involves draping a fabric bag containing a flammable compound, such as trioxane, over an engine and igniting the flammable compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are free-standing, pinhole-free, ultrathin polyether sulfone films having thicknesses of about 400 angstroms or less and a process for preparing them. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: A process to prepare pinhole-free, ultrathin, polymethylmethacrylate films having thicknesses of about 400 angstroms or less. The films are prepared by dissolving a polymethylmethacrylate polymer in a mixture of solvents to form a casting solution and then casting the solution upon water to form a free-standing film. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are free-standing, pinhole-free, ultrathin, polyarylate films having thicknesses of about 400 angstroms or less and a process to prepare them. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are free-standing, pinhole-free, ultrathin polyimide films having thicknesses of about 400 angstroms or less and a process to prepare them. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are free-standing, pinhole-free, ultrathin, blended, cellulose nitrate films having thicknesses of about 400 angstroms or less and a process to prepare them. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are free-standing, pinhole-free, ultrathin, polyphenylene oxide films having thicknesses of about 400 angstroms or less and a process for preparing them. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pinhole-free, ultrathin, free-standing cellulose ester films having thicknesses of 400 angstroms or less and a process to prepare them. The films find particular utility in separatory applications.

Abstract: A specimen holder for use in an ion beam sputter coating machine to prepare a specimen placed on a specimen stub for analysis by a scanning electron microscope. The specimen holder is comprised of two planar members, each containing a plurality of openings sufficient in size to hold a specimen stub, with screws projecting through the lip of the upper planar member to allow the specimen holder to securely hold the specimen stubs within the openings in the planar member. The lower planar member has a limited rotation, in relation to the upper planar member, to prevent the specimen stubs from falling through the openings in the specimen holder.

Abstract: The invention provides a substituted polybenzimidazole product produced by employing a cyclic carbonate to attach hydroxyalkyl substituents at the reactive imidazole hydrogen sites on the polybenzimidazole polymer. The substituted polybenzimidazole polymer membranes produced by this process exhibit improved hydrophilicity and chemical stability over prior art polybenzimidazole membranes. Substituted polybenzimidazole polymer ultrafilters produced by this process filter a broad range of molecular weight compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the production of shaped polybenzimidazole articles which comprises forming a solvent solution of the polymer, depositing the solution on a support to form a film, removing sufficient solvent from the deposited film such that the film contains from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight of said solvent and compression molding the resulting product into a shaped article. Thus, this invention provides a unique process for the forming of molded shaped articles from polybenzimidazole based polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to the preparation of ultrafiltration polybenzimidazole membranes in a coagulation bath comprised of a solvent and a non-solvent for the polybenzimidazole.

Abstract: This invention is an improved process for the preparation of polybenzimidazole membranes. When benzyl alcohol is added to a polybenzimidazole casting dope, polybenzimidazole membranes useful in reverse osmosis may be prepared without annealing the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for the preparation of polybenzimidazole foams. Polybenzimidazoles containing 10 to 30 percent by weight residual solvent can be heated at a temperature of about 350.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. to produce three dimensional foamed articles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for crosslinking polybenzimidazole polymers which comprise reacting said polymers with a divinylsulfone in the presence of a strong base catalyst.