Abstract: A method for purifying with respect to iron, aluminum chloride produced via the chlorination of aluminum bearing ores or materials which also contain iron. The process comprising the steps of:1. chlorinating the aluminum value containing material in a manner which produces a gaseous product containing both ferric chloride and aluminum chloride;2. oxidizing at least a portion of the ferric chloride to particulate iron oxide;3. removing the iron oxide from the gaseous product;4. reducing any remaining ferric chloride to ferrous chloride, using reduced iron oxide, e.g. iron powder;5. condensing the ferrous chloride along with at least about 10% of the available aluminum chloride to assure removal of substantially all iron chloride; and6. condensing the remaining about 80% of the available aluminum chloride as pure product.

Abstract: A method for the production of reduction cell grade alumina from alkali metal/aluminum chloride complexes comprising the steps of:A. reacting the alkali metal/aluminum chloride complexes with oxygen in a three phase fluidized bed comprising:(I) as a solid phase, particles or pebbles of alumina of at least about 1/16" in average diameter;(II) as a gaseous phase oxygen fed at a rate to provide a fluidizing gas velocity above about 8'/sec.; and(III) as a liquid phase coating the particles of alumina an alkali metal/aluminum chloride complexes; andB. separating the product solids from the gases exiting the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for motion amplification is disclosed. The system provides hydraulic fluid on both sides of a pair of hydraulic cylinders, creating a pressurized closed loop which provides precision control during both forward and reverse strokes of each hydraulic piston.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for intermittently dispensing sheet material from a roll to an operating apparatus. The apparatus includes means for accumulating sheet material from the roll which does not require the roll to be motor driven and means for preventing pull back of the sheet material through the dispensing apparatus and permitting low force advancement of the sheet material.

Abstract: An ink system, especially for use in retort environments, is disclosed. The ink system comprises a hard polyester resin, a soft polyester resin, a polyisocyanate catalyst and an appropriate pigment or pigments.

Abstract: Suitable marks on protected places at opposite ends of a drill pipe make it possible to inspect the pipe after it has been used in a drill string to determine whether it has been subjected to excessive torque in the course of its previous use, so that it should not be used again in a new string. This reduces the risk of any pipe breaking in the new string, which would cause great trouble and expense.

Abstract: An adjustable sealing mechanism for heat sealing packages in plastic film is disclosed. The sealing apparatus includes means for vertically adjusting the position of the heat seal to accommodate objects of varying heights while maintaining a vertically controlled heat seal at the ends of the object.

Abstract: A can body suitable for inward necking of the flange region is disclosed in which the flange region thereof includes a plurality of corrugations to increase the effective thickness and thus the stiffness of the metal in this flange region. A method and apparatus for producing these can bodies are also disclosed. The apparatus employed includes a pair of generally circular matched die members which are positioned on either side of the flange region of the can body to be corrugated and a means for rotating the can body, and thus the die members, when contacting the flange region of the can body.

Abstract: A composite aluminum wheel for use with an inflatable tire on vehicles such as automobiles, vans, trucks and the like is disclosed in which a cast aluminum insert is permanently and integrally mounted within a base aluminum wheel to form a composite structure. The cast aluminum insert is mounted into the aluminum base wheel so as to prohibit axial movement thereof by means such as swage-forging or the like. The cast aluminum insert allows almost unlimited styling variations for the face of the composite wheel and adds structural strength to the aluminum base wheel such that weight reduction from the rim area of the aluminum base wheel can be accomplished.

Abstract: A solar liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger, method of making the same, and hot water heating apparatus employing same are provided wherein such heat exchanger is comprised of a first tubular member made of a heat conductive tube material and having a plurality of turns, a second tubular member made of a heat conductive tube material and having a plurality of turns which correspond to and are fixed against the turns of the first member to provide a strong mechanical and thermal connection between immediately adjacent faces of associated member turns. The fixing of the turns of the members and utilization of the heat exchanger in a hot water heating apparatus with flow of a solar fluid used in such apparatus in one direction through the first tubular member and water to be heated through the second tubular member in counterflow to the one direction assures optimum transfer of heat from the solar fluid to the water to be heated.

Abstract: A process for the upgrading of aluminum mineral bearing raw materials by using at least three beneficiation treatment stages consisting of dispersion of a pulp of the material in specific pH ranges, screening in specific mesh sizes, and using at least one stage of high intensity magnetic separation.

Abstract: Special probes for the ultrasonic inspection or treatment of molten aluminum are described. Such probes employ a special working tip which is made essentially of titanium and is capped with a coating of aluminum by a vacuum vaporization process. Also described is a process for making such probes.

Abstract: An extruded metal construction stud for use within a multitude of different interior room wall systems is disclosed as comprising a substantially U-shaped structure defined by means of a base web and a pair of perpendicular sidewalls. Each of the sidewalls is substantially S-shaped in configuration, and the corresponding parts thereof are reversed such that the sidewalls are, in effect, mirror-images of each other. Each of the sidewalls defines a pair of oppositely facing open channels integrally connected by means of a common flange. One of the channels is open to the exterior of the stud and accommodates edge portions of wall board panels. Flanges of the channels separate from the common flange serve to define support surfaces for wall board panels as do laterally outer portions of the sidewalls. The different wall systems are able to be expeditiously erected by incorporating one or more of the construction studs within the particular wall structure in a variety of different modes.

Abstract: A cold ramming mix suitable for ramming of alumina reduction cell cathode seams at ambient temperature comprising:(A) a solid portion comprising:(I) from about 30 to about 60 weight percent of coarse calcined anthracite;(II) from about 50 to about 30 weight percent of anthracite dust; and(III) from about 1 to about 10 weight percent graphite dust;(B) from about 5 to about 15 weight percent based on the weight of the solid portion of a binder pitch; and(C) from about 5 to about 10 weight percent based on the weight of the solid portion, of a heavy petroleum distillate oil having a 95% distillation range of between about 370.degree. and 540.degree. C.A method for producing such a mix comprising blending A and B to provide a homogeneous mixture and subsequently blending in C under conditions which assure that the pitch binder is not dissolved in the oil of C is also described.

Abstract: In a process of the preparation of alumina from an alumina value containing material wherein a caustic sodium aluminate process liquor is subjected to a treatment to reduce the level of zinc impurity by the addition of ZnS seed in the presence of sulfide ion, the improvement comprising:(I) forming the zinc sulfide seed a by process comprising the steps of:(A) dissolving ZnO in NaOH to produce a caustic Na.sub.2 ZnO.sub.2 solution; and(B) reacting the solution of (A) with Na.sub.2 S to form ZnS, the Na.sub.2 S being present at a level sufficient to provide a concentration of Na.sub.2 S of at least about 0.150 g/l of Na.sub.2 S when the product of this step is added to the process liquor;(II) adding the product of step (B) to the process liquor to precipitate as ZnS, zinc contained as sodium zincate in the process liquor; and(III) filtering the process liquor to yield an NaAlO.sub.2 liquor containing less than 15 mg/l and preferably below about 10 mg/l zinc as ZnO.

Abstract: A peelable and heat-sealable packaging construction is disclosed. This packaging construction is formed from a pair of members, each member comprising a central structural barrier layer formed of a metallic foil, such as aluminum foil, paperboard or the like, an outer plastics resin covering layer for protection of the central structural barrier layer and an inner sealing layer formed from polypropylene or a polyethylene-polypropylene co-polymer, each blended with between about 15 to 35 percent by weight, and preferably between about 20 to 30 percent by weight, of an ionomer, such as Surlyn.RTM. resin or ethylene methylacrylate. The sealing layers can be heat-sealed to one another to produce a bond which is able to withstand retort sterilization of the sealed packaging construction and which also forms a peelable seal.

Abstract: A process for the removal of iron and titanium minerals from aluminum bearing materials in at least one chlorination stage by the use of an excess of aluminum trichloride as at least the major chlorinating agent for the contained iron and titanium minerals, condensing the excess aluminum trichloride to recover the aluminum trichloride in an impure form, and recycling the impure aluminum trichloride to the chlorination stage together with additional aluminum trichloride or starvation amounts of chlorine, or alternately additional amounts of aluminum trichloride and starvation amounts of chlorine.

Abstract: Described is a mildly biaxially oriented, blown polyethylene film characterized by a cross directional (CD) shrink force in the range of about 60 to 300 psi, an average heat seal energy of at least about 2.0 in - lbs., an average internal tear resistance of at least about 30 gms/ply, and a minimum shrink temperature no higher than 220.degree. F. and which is less than crystalline melt point (or points) of polyethylene material. This film also has a shrink force in the machine direction (MD) which is typically in the range of about 200 to 300 psi.Also described is the process by which this film is produced.

Abstract: A folding carton is disclosed which has particular utility for carrying beverage bottles, such as returnable beer bottles. The carton structure includes a rectangular bottom wall, upstanding front, side and rear walls being positioned perpendicular to the bottom wall, a rectangular top wall of lesser length and width dimensions than the bottom wall and trapezoidal connecting walls extending downwardly from the top wall, with the rear trapezoidal wall being hingedly affixed to the upstanding rear wall, resulting in a carton structure designed to closely confine the bottles. The carton may be end-loaded and top-unloaded, with the front and side trapezoidal walls having opening panels at their juncture with the side and front walls. In a preferred embodiment, the side opening panels act as reinforcing means for openings forming a portion of the side walls and used as carrying handles.

Abstract: A process for the upgrading of aluminum mineral bearing raw materials by using at least three beneficiation treatment stages consisting of dispersion of a pulp of the material in specific pH ranges, screening in specific mesh sizes, and using at least one stage of high intensity magnetic separation.