Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed by which wooden railroad ties are pre-plated prior to use in constructing and/or repairing railroad lines. Methodology disclosed comprises placing two plates on top of each of a succession of wooden ties, temporarily positioning disclosed one of the two plates on each tie with a distance or spacer template temporarily clamping the two plates accurately to the tie using a jig, starting a field spike and a gauge spike (usually with one or more sledge hammers) into each wooden tie through the selected apertures in each plate, and further driving the started spikes into the associated tie (usually using a jackhammer). Typically, the field spike is located outside the field flange of the plate and is driven until the head of the spike is contiguous with the plate. Typically, the gauge spike is displaced through an aperture in the gauge flange of the plate until the head is about 1½ inches above the plate.

Abstract: Systems or combinations and methodology for converting solar energy to electrical energy and thermal energy and for converting the resultant thermal energy to electrical energy are disclosed. Systems and methodology for conversion of low temperature thermal energy, wherever obtained, to electrical energy using a Rankine cycle mechanism to drive an electrical generator or do other work in a cost effective way are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel point-of-purchase cantilevered deflectable display assembly which normally extends transversely into a shopping aisle, is disclosed. The disclosed display assembly accommodates substitution of one frame-carried form or configuration of advertising for another, which can be radically different, without disconnecting the entire display assembly from its mounting to a molding at a store shelf or like. The advertising frame with which the advertising medium is associated is removably connected to a distal hanger member. At least one light is carried by the frame. The distal hanger member accommodates the above-mentioned on-site frame and advertisement removal and exchange, while the remainder of the display assembly remains in its shelf-mounted or like position.

Abstract: Microscopic batteries, integratable or integrated with microelectromechanical systems or other microscopic circuits, including a MEMS microcircuit, and methods of microfabrication of such microscopic batteries are disclosed, among which comprise closed system microscopic batteries for internal storage of electricity using interval reactants only, which comprise microscopic electrodes, electrolyte and reservoir for the electrolyte.

Abstract: Apparatus for the manufacturing of prestressed reinforced concrete railroad ties and the like in which the apparatus consists of an elongated spine or compression member which has no foundation but rather is independent of the supporting surface upon which it rests. In one version of the apparatus two bridge members confront the opposite ends of the spine and permanent tension resisting members pass beneath the spine from end to end of the spine and are attached to the lower ends of the bridge members. In another version two structural members are embedded in the concrete of the spine and protrude to provide terminal members.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed by which wooden railroad ties are pre-plated prior to use in constructing and/or repairing railroad lines. Methodology disclosed comprises placing two plates on top of each of a succession of wooden ties, temporarily positioning disclosed one of the two plates on each tie with a distance or spacer template temporarily clamping the two plates accurately to the tie using a jig, starting a field spike and a gauge spike (usually with one or more sledge hammers) into each wooden tie through the selected apertures in each plate, and further driving the started spikes into the associated tie (usually using a jackhammer). Typically, the field spike is located outside the field flange of the plate and is driven until the head of the spike is contiguous with the plate. Typically, the gauge spike is displaced through an aperture in the gauge flange of the plate until the head is about 1½ inches above the plate.

Abstract: A method for treating a skin condition by intimately combining a water soluble antibiotic with the keratin layer of the outermost layer of the cleansed epidermis. The antibiotic is dissolved in the alkaline fraction of an electrolyzed water. The solution is characterized by the absence of hydrolysis products, turbidity, and loss of potency of the antibiotic. The aqueous solution is applied to the treatment area where the water is absorbed by the keratin and the antibiotic is carried into intimate contact with the keratin after which the water is evaporated leaving the antibiotic dispersed across the treatment area.

Abstract: Microthin sheet technology is disclosed by which superior batteries are constructed which, among other things, accommodate the requirements for high load rapid discharge and recharge, mandated by electric vehicle criteria. The microthin sheet technology has process and article overtones and can be used to form corrugated thin electrodes used in batteries of various kinds and types, such as spirally-wound batteries, bipolar batteries, lead acid batteries, silver/zinc batteries, and others. Superior high performance battery features include: (a) minimal ionic resistance; (b) minimal electronic resistance; (c) minimal polarization resistance to both charging and discharging; (d) improved current accessibility to active material of the electrodes; (e) a high surface area to volume ratio; (f) high electrode porosity (microporosity); (g) longer life cycle; (h) superior discharge/recharge characteristics; (i) higher capacities (A·hr); and (j) high specific capacitance.

Abstract: A lighted flexible display device or sign, useful for advertising purposes, and having a battery supply mount. The display device herein is a lighted display and is constructed to be flexible in the presence of inadvertent bumping or deflection thereof. The mounting is resilient such that, when the deflecting force is removed, the sign springs back to its normal lateral position. The mount for the display device includes a battery supply, with such supply being electrically connected to the electrical circuit of the sign proper. This is accomplished by means of electrical leads passing through a deflection restoration spring, by such leads passing through a resilient tongue, or with connectors used in a spring-biased pivotal construction for connecting the battery supply to the electrical lighting circuit of the sign.

Abstract: Novel strictures and methods are disclosed for creating and maintaining an underwater air chamber beneath a volume of water within a conventional aquarium for access by amphibious life within the aquarium to permit the amphibious life to selectively leave a water environment for a dry environment. In one embodiment, the underwater air chamber includes a hood secured to a base which defines a hollow chamber. After the apparatus is submerged in an aquarium, pressurized gas is introduced into the hollow chamber to create a dry environment within the hollow chamber. A gas effluent control is associated with the hood to selectively release the gas under pressure from within the chamber. An entryway into the chamber is also formed in the hood to permit amphibious life to selectively enter and exit the chamber, as well as to permit larger air bubbles to escape from within the air chamber. Another embodiment discloses an underwater air chamber formed integrally with an aquarium.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the manufacturing of prestressed reinforced concrete railroad ties in which the apparatus consists of an elongated spine or compression member which has no foundation but rather is independent of the supporting surface upon which it rests. In one version of the apparatus two bridge members confront the opposite ends of the spine and permanent tension resisting members pass beneath the spine from end to end of the spine and are attached to the lower ends of the bridge members. In another version two structural members are embedded in the concrete of the spine and protrude to provide terminal members.

Abstract: Enabled or activated closure and sealing devices in the form of closure balloons, and related methods, are disclosed, which substantially preclude entry and clotting of blood at the distal end of a lumen of an indwelling catheter tube during times when flow therein is not occurring. The closure and sealing balloon is disabled or deactivated to accommodate flow, without clotting, through the lumen of the catheter tube when flow therein is resumed.

Abstract: Fasteners and devices and methods for placing fasteners in a workpiece are disclosed. More particularly, non-removable permanently-placeable fasteners for placement in a workpiece to hold elements thereof together, permanently-placeable but removable fasteners for placement in a workpiece to hold elements thereof together, headless removable one-way fastener inserter or heads by which the fasteners are placed, tools for permanently placing such fasteners, tools for removing certain of the fasteners and methods by which such fasteners are placed in, and in some cases removed from a workpiece.

Abstract: An impervious contour closure for preventing air flow through a swamp cooler and related methods, which can be easily and quickly utilized by a lay person having little or no technical training. Installation of the novel closure requires no alteration to the cooler itself, effectively seals against an interior and exterior building wall around the cooler against air flow through the cooler, and provides an attractive appearance. In the spring, the steps of installation can be facilely reversed to implement the cooler for use during warm and hot weather.

Abstract: A biological agent growth-limiting and cross contamination suppressing foaming assembly. The foaming assembly comprises a disposable foamable-liquid transport and foaming cartridge and a housing cooperatively used with the cartridge to produce and dispense foam from the cartridge. The cartridge comprises a low-cost package comprising a molded tray which provides cavities for liquid containing chambers, air and liquid communicating channels, and initially sealed but frangible ports and a liquid impervious sheet which covers an open face of the tray to seal otherwise open portions of the chambers, channels and ports. The housing comprises a vertical wall mounting plate, a cartridge accommodating and servicing cover hingeably affixed to the mounting plate, a pump which provides pressurized gas to produce the foam within the cartridge, and sharpened stems or shafts to open the frangible ports.

Abstract: Coverings, canopies, or housing each having a removable bottom wall which collectively substantially encapsulates each drive chain of an irrigation mover is disclosed, which prevent or substantially alleviate drive chain link corrosion and which statically extend fore and aft of an engine of the irrigation mover along the frame thereof.

Abstract: A biological agent growth-limiting and cross contamination suppressing foaming assembly. The foaming assembly comprises a disposable foamable-liquid transport and foaming cartridge and a housing cooperatively used with the cartridge to produce and dispense foam from the cartridge. The cartridge comprises a low-cost package comprising a molded tray which provides cavities for liquid containing chambers, air and liquid communicating channels, and initially sealed but frangible ports and a liquid impervious sheet which covers an open face of the tray to seal otherwise open portions of the chambers, channels and ports. The housing comprises a vertical wall mounting plate, a cartridge accommodating and servicing cover hingeably affixed to the mounting plate, a pump which provides pressurized gas to produce the foam within the cartridge, and sharpened stems or shafts to open the frangible ports.

Abstract: An automated guided vehicle (AGV) control system which is downward compatible with existing guidewire systems providing both guidewire navigation and communication and autonomous navigation and guidance and wireless communication between a central controller and each vehicle. Vehicle steering and control includes autonomous guidance and navigation of the vehicle over paths marked by update markers which may be spaced well apart, such as fifty feet. The control system employs high frequency two-way data transmission and reception capability over the guidewires and via wireless communications. The same data rates and message formats are used in both guidewire and wireless communications systems. Substantially the same communications electronics are used for the central controller and each vehicle. Novel navigation and guidance algorithms are used to select and calculate a non-linear path to each next vehicle waypoint when the vehicle is operating in the autonomous mode.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing an I.G. unit comprising at least two lites and a spandrel comprising a single lite for use in building construction, and especially for use as part of a building facing. At least one of the lites of the I.G. unit comprises a plurality of glass sections joined by at least one interposed joining member. Each I.G. unit is hermetically sealed and comprises a strength against wind load, atmospheric pressure changes, and other window stressing environmental factors which may be greater than a like sized, conventionally constructed I.G. unit. Each spandrel comprises a lite of similar appearance, construction, and strength against wind load to that of a lite for the I.G. unit whereby mechanical workings of the building between windows are concealed with lites of the spandrels providing substantially the same appearance and patterns as those provided by I.G. units on the visual areas of the building. The invention enables I.G.

Abstract: A collapsible container (10) comprises a collapsible housing (12) having a nozzle (14) at a nozzle end (16), a base (18) at an opposite base end (20), and a collapsible sidewall (22) interconnecting the nozzle and the base. The collapsible housing defines interconnecting elements (44) for coupling the base to the sidewall for allowing the base to evert and invert, the base having a shape and size substantially corresponding to that of a collapsed interior space (26) of the collapsible container when it is collapsed. The interconnecting elements are positioned approximately at a minimum non-expanded laterally-outward position (32) of the sidewall, and the wall (34) of the base element at the interconnection elements extends almost parallel to an axis of elongation of the collapsible container.