Abstract: Novel human placenta-derived anticoagulating substances having the following properties:(1) molecular weight of 34,000.+-.2,000 determined by SDA-polyacrylamide gel electrphoresis under reduced state;(2) isoelectric point of 4.7.+-.0.1 determined by isoelectric column electrophoresis using an ampholite;(3) stabilityinactivated by heat treatment at 50.degree. C. to 30 minutes, stable at a pH of 4-10, and stable in plasma at 37.degree. C. for 30 minutes;(4) activitycapable of prolonging a recalcification time, a prothrombin time, and an activated partial thromboplastin time; and(5) the existence of several amino acids including aspartic acid, threonine, serine, and so on; are prepared by homogenizing human placenta, subjecting the resulting homogenate to centrifugal separation, extracting an anticoagulating substance from the residue or from a microsome fraction contained in the supernatant with a surface active agent and/or a chelating agent, and purifying and isolating the substance from the extract.

Abstract: A friction member is a clutch facing, a brake pad, or a brake lining which comprises a phenolic fiber, a plated organic fiber, and/or mixed fiber thereof, which may or may not comprise the other fibers such as nonorganic fibers, as based material of the aforementioned friction member, wherein various difficulties of asbestos are improved.