Abstract: Low current differential signal/swing I/O interfaces and techniques can be implemented. An output interface converts input data signals to differential current signals for transmission over transmission lines. When the differential current signals are received by an input interface, they are converted to differential voltage signals and appropriately amplified.

Abstract: Temperature measurement of an integrated circuit may be made using a bandgap voltage reference. In one example, a circuit includes a bandgap reference, a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a calculation circuit. The bandgap reference includes a first amplifier having a first amplifier input coupled to a first transistor and a second amplifier input coupled to a second transistor. The first output terminal is coupled to the first and second transistors and is operable to provide a temperature independent voltage. The second output terminal is operable to provide a temperature dependent voltage. The calculation circuit is coupled to the first output terminal and the second output terminal and is configured to subtract from the temperature dependent voltage a difference between the temperature independent voltage and a nominal temperature independent voltage.

Abstract: Die probing devices can include multiple sets of probe wires, where certain probe wires correspond to test pads and other correspond to bond pads. The probe wires can be electrically coupled to each other using either a space transformer or a probe card, to provide appropriate continuity. Probe wires can generally be arranged in numerous different patterns depending upon (for example) pad layout, wire configuration, wire type, and probe head design/manufacturing constraints.

Abstract: Pre-sensitization techniques can be used in conjunction with holographic recording materials to allow high quality holographic stereograms to be recorded in those holographic recording materials using pulsed lasers. Additional hologram production system hardware and software designs for use with pulsed lasers are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and software can utilize storage resource locks to prevent modification (including relocation) of data in the storage resource while a third-party copy operation directed at the storage resource is occurring. A data transport mechanism such as a data restore application requests that a relevant portion of the storage resource be locked. Once locked, the data transport mechanism requests a data mover to perform a third-party copy operation whereby data is moved from a data source to the locked portion of the storage resource. When the third party-copy operation is complete, the data transport mechanism requests release of the lock on the portion of the storage resource.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and software can utilize an extent guard to prevent modification (including relocation) of data in the storage resource while a third-party copy operation directed at the storage resource is occurring. A data transport mechanism such as a data restore application provides an extent list to the extent guard, which monitors read and/or write activity to storage resources described by the extent list. The data transport mechanism requests a data mover to perform a third-party copy operation whereby data is moved from a data source to the storage resource. If a modification attempt is made on the portion of the storage resource described by the extent list, the extent guard stalls the modification attempt until the third-party copy operation is aborted.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and software can utilize an indirect write driver to prevent possible error conditions associated with using a third-party copy operation directed at a storage resource. A data transport mechanism such as a data restore application initiates a third-party copy operation from a data source to a data cache. The indirect write driver monitors write commands as they pass to a storage resource driver. If a command is found to be an indirect write command, e.g., a command designed to complete the movement of data from the data cache to the storage resource, it is handled accordingly. Normal write commands are passed on to the storage resource driver. By completing the data move operation using normal storage management channels, e.g., the operating system, file system, and/or volume manager, error conditions can be avoided.

Abstract: A holographic recording material coupled to a plastic substrate can be exposed to an interference pattern formed by at least one coherent light source, and subsequently processed, thereby eliminating the need to transfer the holographic recording material from a glass substrate to the plastic substrate. Additionally, by performing a post-exposure heating step in a liquid bath, the formation of unwanted bubbles between the plastic substrate and the holographic recording material is at least in part prevented.

Abstract: Large format, highly selective display screens can be formed from a plurality of holographic optical elements. In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, systems and methods are described to provide a holographic screen for display of static and/or dynamic projected conventional two-dimensional images, two-dimensional stereograms, and holographic stereograms. One aspect of the present invention includes presenting live-image three-dimensional displays using an array of two-dimensional data projectors. Another aspect includes projecting and enlarging static or dynamic source three-dimensional images (real objects, holograms, or other autostereoscopic images).

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and devices for creating and printing variable size and variable resolution holographic stereograms and holographic optical elements using computer rendered images of three-dimensional computer models or using computer processed images. The present invention is an apparatus and method for printing one-step, full-color, full-parallax holographic stereograms utilizing a reference beam-steering system that allows a reference beam to expose a holographic recording material from different angles. More particularly, a coherent beam is split into object and reference beams. The object beam passes through an object beam unit in which a rendered image is displayed, while the reference beam passes through the reference beam-steering system. The object and reference beams interfere with each other at an elemental hologram on a holographic recording material.

Abstract: The current invention comprises the recording of full parallax, one-step, full color holographic stereograms so as to properly display the resultant imagery when the hologram is mounted on a curved substrate after recording. It also comprises mounting the hologram on a substrate that can be curved in one or two dimensions, thereby producing any arbitrary shape. The hologram is scalable, making it possible to create curved holograms of unlimited size. The hologram can be generated for application to one of a variety of curved substrates, including hemi-cylindrical substrates with opaque backing to allow up to 180 degrees of horizontal view zone, and full cylinders with transparent backing to allow viewing through 360 degrees horizontally. It also includes adaptation to conical, spherical, and other curved geometric and irregular topographies.

Abstract: An improved programmable transconductor can be efficiently implemented utilizing a programmable resistor circuit that allows for only a selected portion of the resistor circuit (associated with a desired transconductor gain) to be coupled between summing nodes of the transconductor. Additional switching circuits can be used to reduce gain errors associated with the switches used to implement the aforementioned solution. Additionally, the improved programmable transconductor can be integrated into fully differential programmable analog integrated circuits, thereby enhancing the performance of such integrated circuits.

Abstract: An isotropic, direction and point parameterization (DPP) light-field model is used for rendering graphics images in a hologram production system. Using the DPP light-field models can reduce image artifacts, reduce oversampling, decrease rendering time, and decrease data storage requirements.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed to replace complex fast cylindrical lens (FCL) systems used for producing one-step horizontal parallax only holographic sterograms. A substantially monochromatic fast cylindrical lens is combined with chromatic corrector optics and image scaling performed in conjunction with spatial light modulators (SLMs) in order to avoid the use of an anchromatic FCL.

Abstract: Systems and methods for adjusting the polarization of one or more recording laser beams can correct (in whole or in part) for the changes in the polarization of the recording laser beam(s) caused by changes in the dominant polarization direction within the film substrates used for recording holograms. Using information about the dominant polarization direction of portions of holographic film substrate, a polarization adjusting device can be used to adjust the polarization of the recording laser beam(s) to compensate for the effects that changes in the dominant polarization direction of the holographic film substrate have on the recording laser beam(s) and thus the recorded hologram.

Abstract: A programmable capacitor array including a plurality of user-selectable, numerically weighted capacitors, each of which includes at least one fixed capacitor and one manufacturer-controlled trim capacitor, advantageously provides a variety of selectable capacitance values for a programmable analog integrated circuit. When coupled to a memory, for example a static memory, switches can be controlled that determine whether a particular fixed capacitor (user-selectable) or trim capacitor (manufacturer-selectable) is electrically coupled into the circuit. User access to those portions of memory controlling switches associated with the trim capacitors can be restricted via an I/O interface and security command. Such programmable capacitor arrays allow efficient implementation of user-programmable filter circuits where the user can conveniently program or reprogram a variety of filter parameters.

Abstract: A system for illumination of a hologram includes a deflection mirror to direct light from a moving light source to illuminate the hologram, and a heliostat for tracking the moving light source and positioning the deflection mirror to direct light therefrom to illuminate the hologram. Such as system is optimized for illuminating outdoor holographic displays while still providing a desirable light source and illumination angle, and doing so efficiently and at low cost.

Abstract: A system and method to divert a reference beam from intersecting with a diffuser disposed adjacent to a holographic recording material for recording a hologram. The invention includes a thin holographic deflector designed to deflect the reference beam away from the diffuser and to prevent the reference beam's passage and impingement onto the diffuser surface. The holographic deflector is designed to deflect only light impinging on it from the particular angle that the reference beam strikes the holographic recording material, and to transmit nearly all other light striking it. The deflector eliminates artifacts from the resulting hologram introduced by the reflected reference beam, while allowing the diffuser to be placed very close to the holographic material.

Abstract: A gear box module or circuit can act as an interface for transferring data from a first clock domain to a second clock domain. The gear box circuit uses a level sensitive memory element coupled to an input selection circuit to receive data from logic in the first clock domain and provide the data to logic in the second clock domain. An input selection signal causes the selection circuit to select the input source for the level sensitive memory element, thereby allowing the proper signal to be provided as output to logic in the second clock domain. Additionally, the gear box can provide the proper output signal for logic in the second domain using circuitry to alternately mask the gear box output. The gear box receives control signals, including for example the input selection signal, from control circuitry. The logic in each clock domain does not have to be aware of the clock frequency on the other side of the gear box, nor does it need to be aware of the ratio of clock frequencies between clock domains.

Abstract: An optical transmission system that includes an optical amplifier coupled to the input of an optical modulator having at least two complementary output ports for providing complementary modulated optical output signals can be used such that the relative intensity noise (RIN) associated with the optical amplifier is coupled into the modulated optical output signals as common mode noise and can therefore be eliminated using a differential detection scheme. Removing the RIN associated with the optical amplifier advantageously increases the carrier to noise ratio (CNR) for the optical transmission system.