Abstract: A sensor apparatus and associated method for sensing and monitoring specific binding of analyte to an immobilized binding layer are disclosed. The apparatus preferably comprises an automatic critical angle refractometer having a linear scanned array and an optical system for illuminating a portion of the array, which illumination depends upon the refractive index of the binding layer deposited on an optically transparent element. The apparatus further includes a flow cell for bringing the analyte in contact with the binding layer. The apparatus also includes a computer for receiving and processing refractive index data from the critical angle refractometer during the reaction between the analyte and the layer, which computer may be peripherally connected to the refractometer or enclosed within the refractometer housing.

Abstract: A method and system for compensating intensity fluctuations of an illumination system in a confocal microscope comprise a first and a second analog-to-digital converters for digitizing a first electrical signal corresponding to the light reflected from a specimen, and for digitizing a second electrical signal corresponding to an illumination reference, respectively. The digitized signals are sent to a first and a second look up tables carrying out a log conversion of the first and second electrical signals, respectively. Also provided is a calculator for correcting the first electrical signal for intensity fluctuations of the second electrical signal. The corrected electrical signal is sent to a third look up table for converting the corrected electric signal. The conversion is done by exponentiation of the corrected electrical signal.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and system for processing scan signals from a confocal microscope. The confocal microscope comprises an illumination source and a scanning device with a scanning mirror system. A control and processing unit is provided, which unit uses a plurality of programmable devices for the real time processing of digital signals. The control and processing unit has at least three input ports and one output port. A first detector generates analog signals corresponding to the light reflected from a specimen within the microscope and a second detector generates analog signals corresponding to the intensity of the light from the illumination source. In addition, a position signal of the scanning laser beam is provided to the control and processing unit. Analog-to-digital converters receive the analog signals, generate digital signals and provide the digital signals to the input ports of the control and processing unit.