Abstract: Process for preventing clogging of an atomizing device, which is used to feed a fluid coal-liquid slurry fuel into a combustion chamber in the form of a particulate spray, by continuously passing all of the slurry fuel through a comminuting means positioned upstream of the atomizing device in the slurry fuel passage connected to the atomizer, and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: Coal-water fuel slurries having long-term storage stability and improved viscosities and comprising finely-divided coal within efficient combustion size range, water, and minor amounts of ammonium salt organic dispersant and alkaline earth metal salt organic dispersant, and process for making such slurries.

Abstract: Coal-water fuel slurries having long-term storage stability and improved viscosities and comprising finely-divided coal within efficient combustion size range, water, and minor amounts of alkali metal salts of organic dispersants and alkaline earth metal salts of organic dispersants, and process for making such slurries.

Abstract: A process for making fluid, stable slurries of finely divided coal in water and products thereof, which can be sufficiently highly loaded to serve as a fuel.

Abstract: A solid propellant composition comprising an organic polymer fuel binder, an inorganic perchlorate oxidizer salt, and 1,1"-carbonyl-bis-ferrocene which functions as a stable solid combustion modifier.

Abstract: Coal pile coating compositions comprising a wax or wax and organic polymer binder and a major proportion of solid particulate organic filler. A process for coating the exposed surface(s) of coal piles with coating compositions comprising an organic binder comprising wax, pitch, asphalt, or tar or said materials including an organic polymer dispersed therein, plus a major proportion of a particulate organic filler. The coated coal piles produced thereby.

Abstract: A gravity-flow, sheet-flow solar heat collector wherein the heat-absorbent medium is a dark fluid having a minimum viscosity of about 10 centipoise at 120.degree. F.

Abstract: Process for degrading halogenated organic compound having C-halogen groups to remove halogen atoms from said compound by treating it with ultraviolet (UV) radiation and hydrogen. Process for degrading such compound by treating it in aqueous alkaline solution with UV radiation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for sensing the effective magnitude and/or number and/or position of individual depression and/or protrusion defects on a high-precision smooth surface of an article which may have said defects randomly distributed and relatively spatially distant each from the other, comprising continuously scanning the surface with a laterally-moving interference fringe pattern adjusted in size to have a cross-sectional area substantially smaller than the surface and no larger than an area which includes about an average predetermined spatial incidence of about one defect per pattern area; adjusting the fringe period to a size substantially larger than the effective cross-sectional dimension of a predetermined, maximum size defect; continuously sensing the AC and DC or AC signal components of the backscattered light; and substantially determining the effective magnitude and/or number and/or surface position of said defects by determining the magnitude of the AC or AC and DC signals obtained at each inst

Abstract: A method for making said rigid pyrolytic graphite article comprising winding a continuous, individual, refractory filament or strand around a shaped form and simultaneously pyrolyzing a mixture of methyl trichlorosilane and a hydrocarbon gas onto the filament or strand at about the point of winding contact to nucleate pyrolytic graphite and SiC from the filament or strand, winding additional turns of the filament or strand around the form, each additional turn being spaced from previously wound turns and, as each of the additional turns is wound, simultaneously pyrolyzing the mixture of methyl trichlorosilane and hydrocarbon gas thereon at about the point of winding contact and on the codeposited pyrolytic graphite and SiC nucleated from previously wound turns.

Abstract: Fuel-rich propellant compositions, for use in air-augmented rocket propulsion, containing a high-energy fuel component in the form of finely-divided boron, wherein the boron is present in large excess of the amount oxidizable during combustion of the propellant. A major portion of the boron is ejected, largely as free boron particles, together with the combustion products of the propellant and is burned downstream of the propellant by ram air injected into an afterburner combustion zone. The propellant additionally comprises an organic fuel binder comprising an organic polymer, and an inorganic oxidizer salt, preferably ammonium perchlorate, in an amount at least sufficient to maintain stable combustion of the propellant at desired combustion chamber pressures. The propellant compositions may additionally contain small amounts of Mg, Al, or Zr metal as ballistic or afterburner combustion modifiers.

Abstract: Process for producing oxygenated organic compound comprising continuously flowing into and admixing in a reaction chamber at least two separate streams comprising reactive fluorine in the form of fluorine or a fluorine compound readily decomposable into free fluorine, an organic compound containing at least one replaceable hydrogen atom, and oxygen, said reactive fluorine being introduced into said chamber in a stream separate from said organic compound; permitting said reactive fluorine, oxygen, and organic compound to react flamelessly to form said oxygenated organic compound; and continuously removing from said chamber the products formed by the admixture and reaction of said continuously flowing streams.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the width of an elongated element, such as a filament or slit which comprise producing a moving interference fringe zone by converging two beams of coherent light of the same intensity but slightly different frequency; positioning the element within the fringe zone in such manner that the longitudinal axis of the element is substantially normal to the plane of the convergent beams, namely, parallel to the plane of the fringes; maintaining the element substantially spatially stationary relative to the zone, whereby the moving fringe pattern continuously sweeps across the element; and determining the ratio of the AC to DC signal components of the radiation scattered or transmitted by the element. The method and system include respectively the step and means therefor of adjusting or scanning the fringe period value around the element to determine the size capable of producing a minimum AC/DC ratio.

Abstract: A process for simulating the infrared radiation in wave length and intensity and the spatially extended characteristics of the plumes of turbojet engines comprising burning fuel-rich solid gas generator compositions, comprising an organic binder, an oxidizer, and dispersed inorganic particles, of a character such that venting of the combustion products directly into the atmosphere or venting them into the inadequate plume of a separate gas generator to provide a combined plume, produces a plume having the size and radiating characteristics of the turbojet plume being simulated.

Abstract: A gas-generating composition comprising an oxidizer, a non-metal, preferably organic, fuel component, and a metal fuel staple component of a particular size.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for sensing the angular orientation of a line or slit element, which comprise producing a laterally moving interference fringe zone wherein the fringe period is substantially wider than the element or the positive difference between the width of the element and a integer multiple of the fringe period, by converging two beams of coherent light of equal intensity and different frequency; positioning the portion of the article bearing the element within the fringe zone such that the article lies in a plane defined by the x and y axes in the fringe pattern and the element is in a position, relative to the article, such that its longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the fringe plane or can, by rotation of the fringe zone relative to the article around the z-axis, be brought into fringe-plane parallel position; rotating the fringe zone and/or the article around the z-axis to produce relative angular rotation between them; and determining the ratio of AC to DC signal components of the

Abstract: Process and apparatus therefor for sensing the magnitude and direction of lateral displacement of at least one line or slit element of an article which comprises producing two coherent light beams of the same intensity, one of the beams having a different frequency from that of the other beam, the frequency difference .DELTA.f being within the radio frequency range; converging the two beams to form an interference zone comprising, within the zone of convergence, a fringe pattern characterized by continuous lateral movement at a rate equal to .DELTA.

Abstract: Device and process for testing the optical transfer function of a lens system which comprise employing as the object or target the laterally moving-fringe pattern produced by convergence of two monochromatic coherent-radiation beams of equal size and intensity and slightly different frequency. A second fringe pattern may be employed as the reference standard. Both the target and reference patterns can be varied simultaneously in spatial frequency or fringe period. The system and process can test both modulation transfer function and phase transfer function accurately at any monochromatic wavelength produced by an available coherent-radiation source to which the test lens system is transparent, e.g., ultraviolet or shorter, visible, and infrared or longer. When polarized monochromatic radiation is used, the invention can also be employed to determine the polarization characteristics of the lens.