Abstract: A solid state light modulator apparatus and method for displaying images represented by video signals. The system includes an array of semiconductor devices having electrodes arranged in a diagonal pattern, the devices being used, in conjunction with related circuitry, for applying sampled video signals to the electrodes. The resulting charge pattern deforms a reflective layer, and the deformations are converted to a viewable image by an optical system. In a preferred embodiment, every other line of a frame is grounded for one field, thereby achieving an improvement in the dynamic resolution of the display.

Abstract: A solid state light modulator is disclosed for displaying images represented by video signals. The system includes an array of semiconductor devices having electrodes arranged in a diagonal pattern, the devices being used, in conjunction with related circuitry, for applying sampled video signals to the electrodes. The resulting charge pattern deforms a reflective layer, and the deformations are converted to a viewable image by an optical system. An improved technique of biasing the light modulator structure permits operation with better sensitivity and at lower operating voltage.

Abstract: The disclosure is applicable to a borehole logging device of the type which includes an elongated body suspendable in a borehole and having at least one transmitting antenna and at least one receiving antenna mounted in spaced relation in the body. Energizing signals are applied to the transmitting antenna to produce electromagnetic energy, a portion of which is received at the receiving antenna after being affected by earth formations surrounding the borehole. In accordance with the disclosed invention, a region of the body is loaded with a dielectric material having a dielectric constant selected to minimize, at the receiving antenna, the effect of spurious transverse magnetic mode components of standing wave electromagnetic energy within the body.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for obtaining an improved moire fringe pattern image of an object. A beam of incoherent light is projected at the object. A grating is disposed in the path of the beam projected at the object, this grating being referred to as a projection grating. Means are provided for focusing the beam reflected from the object to obtain an image at an image plane. Another movable grating is disposed at the image plane. This movable grating is referred to as a reference grating. Means are provided for recording the image at the image plane, the recording means being, for example, a photographic or video camera. In accordance with an important feature of the invention, means are provided for moving the projection grating and the reference grating in synchronism. In a preferred embodiment, the projection and reference gratings are mounted in spaced relation in a movable member, and the synchronized motion of the gratings is implemented by moving the member.

Abstract: The threshold level for demodulating an FM signal, for instance a television picture signal, has been improved or lowered by adaptively restricting the bandwidth of the signal using an adaptive bandpass filter, and therefore, the picture quality and/or S/N ratio of the demodulated television signal has been improved. The adaptive bandpass filter has enough bandwidth when the signal level is sufficiently higher than the threshold level, but is narrow when the signal level is close to or lower than the threshold level. The bandwidth of the adaptive bandpass filter is adjusted according to the total power of the input FM signal and C/N (the carrier signal to noise) ratio. The improvement of the threshold level is almost 2 dB.

Abstract: A well logging apparatus and method is disclosed which can be used as a wireline logging device or technique, and is also suitable for being employed in a logging-while-drilling device. Electromagnetic energy having primarily a transverse magnetic mode component is guided along a tubular conductor in a borehole, and measurements of the transverse magnetic mode component can be used to obtain the conductivity and/or dielectric constant of formations surrounding the borehole.

Abstract: A method for degaussing a magnetic storage medium, such as a reel of magnetic tape, is disclosed. In the disclosed method, the reel of magnetic tape is simultaneously rotated on its axis and subjected to an applied transverse magnetic field substantially in the plane of the reel. The transverse magnetic field is applied first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. An axial magnetic field, substantially parallel to the axis of the reel, is then applied, first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. In the preferred embodiment, the step of applying an axial magnetic field includes applying axial magnetic fields in alternating directions at successively decreasing amplitudes. In the disclosed apparatus, the transverse magnetic field is obtained using a lateral coil which passes over and under the reel and covers about half the reel. The axial magnetic field is obtained using a ring-shaped coil surrounding the periphery of the reel.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus of the invention operates to generate and direct ultrasound over predetermined regions of a body, such as a programmed sequence of target points. A plurality of side-by-side tapered piezoelectric transducer elements are provided. Means are provided for energizing the transducer elements with electrical energy having a variable frequency. The frequency of the electrical energy is varied to change the direction of the ultrasound produced by the transducer elements. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a processor is responsive to a coordinate of an input target point for controlling the variation of frequency. In one form of the invention, means are provided for varying the relative phases of the electrical energy applied to the transducer elements. In this form of the invention, the processor means is also responsive to at least another coordinate of the input target point for controlling the variation of the relative phases.

Abstract: Two fluorescent lamps are lightened by a single inverter circuit which provides switched power current to a single leakage transformer. The leakage transformer has a single primary winding coupled with said inverter circuit and a pair of secondary windings each coupled with a related fluorescent lamp. The core of said leakage transformer has a closed magnetic core with a pair of short legs each of which bridges across said closed magnetic path with a non-magnetic material so that said pair of short legs provides three windows and bypass leakage magnetic paths. The first window is defined by said pair of short legs, and each of the second and the third legs is defined by one of said short legs and said closed magnetic path. The primary winding is mounted in said first window, and each of said pair of secondary windings is mounted in said second or third window.

Abstract: A soldering iron is heated by electric resistance heating elements comprising barium titanate PTC thermistors. The soldering iron has an elongated copper bit with a cone shaped bit tip and an elongated back body having a generally rectangular cross section coupled to the bit tip. A pair of flat PTC thermistor heater assemblies sandwich the back body of the bit and are in thermal contact therewith. The heater assemblies are pressed against the back body of the bit with spring contact. A hand-grip is coupled with the bit. The total contact area S.sub.1 between the PTC thermistor heater assemblies and the back body is in the range from 1.0 cm.sup.2 to 25 cm.sup.2 and the transverse cross sectional area S.sub.2 of the back body is in the range from 0.1 cm.sup.2 to 3.0 cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A speech control circuit comprises, associated with a transmission channel, a transmission variable gain amplifier (VGA.sub.T) coupled with the output of a microphone, a transmission signal detecting circuit (SDC.sub.T) coupled with the output of the amplifier (VGA.sub.T) for detecting signal from the microphone when the level of an amplified signal exceeds a threshold level which is switched to two levels, a first transmission time constant circuit (FTC.sub.T) for prolonging the rear edge of an output signal of the circuit (SDC.sub.T) by a first time constant .tau..sub.1, and a second transmission time constant circuit (STC.sub.T) for prolonging the rear edge of the output signal of the circuit (SDC.sub.T) by a second time constant .tau..sub.2. The speech control circuit further comprises similar elements associated with the reception channel. The transmission channel and the reception channel are coupled with a line. The first transmission time constant circuit (FTC.sub.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for subsurface electromagnetic logging in a borehole wherein means are provided to detect transverse magnetic mode components and to either correct for these spurious components in the processing of the received signals or to generate suitable cancelling signals.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is suited for use in conjunction with a borehole logging device wherein transmitting and receiving antenna coils are wound on insulating media around the axis of a support means that includes an elongated electrically conductive pipe. In accordance with the invention there is provided a shield for shielding each coil of the device, the shield being adapted to reduce spurious electromagnetic field components (especially transverse magnetic components) while not substantially interfering with the desirable transverse electric components. The shield for each coil comprises a hollow closed-end cylinder mounted on the pipe and surrounding the coil, the cylinder being formed of an electrically conductive material and having a series of equally spaced slots therein. Each slot extends radially outward from the support means along a plane which passes substantially through the axis of the pipe so as to pass through the ends and sides of the cylinder.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method and apparatus for generating a processed video image of a fluid-carrying vessel in a body, and can also be used to obtain information concerning the flow rate of blood in the vessel. In the disclosed method, a contrast medium is injected into the body, typically into the vessel to be imaged or leading into the vessel to be imaged. A source of X-radiation is directed at the body, and radiation which passes through the body is detected and converted into a series of frames of electronic video signals, preferably in digital form. The frames represent images of the radiation transmission characteristics of the body at a series of successive times. Each frame includes an array of pixels, the video level at each pixel of a frame being determined by the radiation transmissivity of the body through an elemental region thereof.

Abstract: The disclosed technique effectively increases television camera sensitivity by allowing additional time for signal to build up on the photoconductive surface of the camera tube. Rapid motion portrayal is traded off against sensitivity improvement, since picture information is available at a slower rate.

Abstract: A music information transmission system in which a music symbol on a music sheet is quantized into a digital signal by inputting that music symbol by using a key board. The digital signal is assembled into a packet, which is multiplexed on a blanking period of a television signal, and is transmitted over the air. At a reception side, the packet is separated from a picture signal, and is stored in a memory. A music player reads out the memory, and decodes the digital signal in the memory. The decoded signal operates the music player to play music. Thus, music information may be transmitted in a very narrow frequency band as compared with a conventional PCM system which quantizes an analog sound signal into a digital signal. The present invention is useful for instance for playing background music in a teletext or a character transmission system multiplexed with a television signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the improved demodulation system which improves the noise characteristics for the demodulation of a wideband television FM signal. A variable bandpass filter (8), the center frequency and the bandwidth of which are controllable, for improving C/N, is inserted at the output of a reference bandpass filter (7) in an FM signal path. The bandwidth of the variable bandpass filter (8) is controlled so that said bandwidth is wide when the input carrier level is high, and said bandwidth is narrow when the input carrier level is low. The center frequency of the variable bandwidth filter (8) is controlled so that said center frequency follows to the instantaneous frequency of the color sub-carrier component (3.58 MHz). Said color sub-carrier component is derived by a narrow-band bandpass filter (10) coupled with the output of said discriminator (9) for controlling the center frequency of the variable bandpass filter (8).

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to improvements in a method of making a solid state light modulator structure for use in an apparatus for generating an image from a video signal. A semiconductor device is provided, the device having an array of spaced charge storage electrodes on a surface thereof. A layer of elastomer material, preferably a silicone gel, is applied over said surface. A plastic pellicle is applied over the elastomer layer. Layers of gold and silver are then successively applied over the pellicle layer.

Abstract: A microwave absorber device for a microwave heater having a main body with an opening and a door for closing said opening with a leakage path between the door and the main body. The absorber device has a choke cavity along a leakage path of the microwave energy between the main body and the door, said choke cavity having an approximate 1/4 wavelength of length, and an entrance facing said leakage path for accepting microwave energy. Said entrance of the choke cavity is closed by a cover plate made of ferro-magnetic material, which is a mixture of ferrite and gum. Preferably, an additional microwave absorber made of ferro-magnetic material which is integral with said cover plate is provided next to the choke cavity. Preferably, the dielectric constant of the material of the cover plate is less than 15. Still, preferably, the ratio of the imaginary part of the complex permeability to the real part of the same of the cover plate material is larger than 0.5.

Abstract: A cable buried under a sea bottom is located by causing to flow in the cable an AC current, and measuring the magnetic flux near the cable.