Abstract: A tractor having two internal combustion engines which are spaced apart on either side of the longitudinal axis of the tractor and are covered with separate cowlings, the driveable rear wheels of the tractor numbering four or six and being mounted on an axle extending laterally from a narrow part of the tractor's body, an enclosed operator's seat and controls spaced above the rear wheels, the seat and controls being selectively rotatable to positions 180 degrees apart whereby the operator optionally faces forward or to the rear, the tractor having forward and rear lifting devices visible from the operator's seat between, in front, the spaced-apart engines, the engines, which are identical, being connected through clutches and a gear train to the rear wheels via a torque converter and to a power take-off shaft extending forward and aft, the tractor's frame being a central horizontal beam and cross-beams rigidly connected thereto.

Abstract: A cultivator has a row of soil working members mounted on upwardly extending shafts journalled in a hollow frame portion that houses driving connections for the shafts. The working members have tines that are deflectable relative to their shafts, such as supports with hubs that can be interconnected to tine supports by resiliently mounted arms. The hollow frame portion can be fashioned from upper and lower parts that are clamped together with brackets and bearings, for the shafts are held in place by the brackets. A leading soil crumbling member is pivoted to the front of the frame portion by a linkage that allows deflection of the leading member and a setting device can fix that member in place to provide support for the implement. A rear soil crumbling member is pivoted to the rear of the working members and an eccentric driving mechanism is interconnected with the rear member to vibrate same in up and down movements and further work the soil.

Abstract: An engine has pairs of opposing pistons that have common combustion spaces located centrally in a housing, around a single central drive shaft. The inner ends of the piston rods are connected to piston heads with ball and socket joints and the outer ends of the rods are similarly connected to swash plate assemblies on each opposite side of the drive shaft relative to the combustion spaces within an engine housing. The cylinder walls have outer ends positioned near the drive shaft and inner ends that are located further from that shaft and adjacent the combustion spaces. Thrust rings of the swash plate assemblies have teeth in mesh with stationary toothed rims within the housing to correctly position the thrust of the pistons. Air is compressed and forced into the combustion spaces with injected fuel from one end of the housing and expelled at the opposite end.

Abstract: A copper liner for a mold utilized in the electroslag refining process of a character to reduce thermal creep distortion and simultaneously increase the cooling effect obtained by circulating cold water, the liner being composed of copper and provided with a multiplicity of vertically disposed slots which may be straight or sinuous to receive cooling water, the structure between the slots dimensioned to function as cooling fins and at the same time structurally reinforce the mold liner to prevent creep.

Abstract: A soil cultivating machine has a row of tined rotors on an elongated frame portion that extends transverse to the direction of travel. An elongated soil crumbling member is pivoted to the frame portion at the front of that portion and settable to level the ground and provide support for the machine. A second elongated crumbling member is linked at the rear of the frame portion for free pivoting responsive to ground irregularities to further crumble the soil worked by the tined rotors. Both crumbling members have parallelogram linkage connections so that the relative positions of the crumbling members to the frame portion can vary without those members tilting. The bottoms of the crumbling members can be corrugated plates or other configured elements designed to bear on the ground and be self cleaning. Also, the rotors can have resilient or freely rotatable mountings to allow for the displacement of tines when meeting obstacles.

Abstract: An agricultural implement has a driven rotor with cultivator blades and a hood that overlies the rotor. The hood extends down to the rear and the lower hood portion is a guide that has a row of teeth. The teeth are extensions that furrow the worked soil and each tooth corresponds to a material delivery duct that communicates material, such as seeds, from a hopper to the furrows. A ground engaging trough-like levelling member is adjustably connected to side plates of the hood and the openings of the ducts are positioned near the levelling member to prevent clogging of the openings. One or more rear rollers are arranged behind the levelling member with driving connections to a rotatable mechanism in the hopper.

Abstract: A cultivating implement includes a row of soil working members, such as tined rotors, and a driven soil crumbling member positioned at the rear of the cultivating tines. A driving transmission is interconnected to a rotatable bladed crumbling member or to supports which mount elongated, horizontally extending elements of a crumbling member, which elements are moved relative to the frame in non-horizontal directions to perform reciprocatory and/or vibratory movements. The crumbling member is driven to break up soil previously worked by the tines. The crumbling member is pivoted to the frame with forwardly extending arms and affords a rear support that can be set to regulate the working depths of the tines on the rotors. The transmission to the crumbling member is via the drive connections to the rotors which, in turn, are engaged by the p.t.o. of a tractor.

Abstract: An implement has soil working members mounted in a row that extends transverse to the direction of travel. Each member includes a horizontal support secured to an upwardly extending shaft that is driven and a soil working tool at each opposite end of the support. Each tool is freely rotatable about an upwardly extending stub shaft and has two downwardly extending tines. The two tines have respective arms of unequal lengths mounted on a hub that is journalled on the stub shaft and the tines are angled to trail with respect to the direction of driven rotation. This results in the arms being orientated in radial alignment from the soil working member's axis of rotation and the longer arm extending between that axis and the corresponding stub shaft.

Abstract: A cultivating implement includes a row of cultivating members, such as resilient tines or tined rotors, and a soil crumbling member positioned at the rear of the cultivating tines. A driving transmission, including eccentric weights or discs, is interconnected to supports which mount elongated, horizontally extending elements of the crumbling member and the elements are moved relative to the frame in a non-horizontal direction to perform reciprocatory and/or vibratory movements against the soil previously worked by the tines. The supports are pivoted to the frame either by forwardly extending arms or by flexible brackets which, in effect, pivot when acted on by the eccentric transmission.

Abstract: A cultivating implement has rows of rotatable soil working cultivating members that are mounted on beams extending transverse to the direction of travel, one behind the other. The members rotate about upwardly extending axes and can be positioned along the beams to cooperate with one another and work soil between rows of plants. Assemblies of crumbler-rollers are secured to the frame and positioned to engage soil worked by the cultivating members but avoid the plant rows. Each assembly is secured by a support arm adjustably settable along the length of a beam at the rear of the frame. Each assembly is a pair or two rollers journalled on a common shaft and each roller has two supports, one of which is movable along the shaft to and from the other to adjust the width of the roller. Each support mounts bars that form the periphery of the roller.

Abstract: A marker in combination with a material spreader having a hopper and a plurality of conveyor belts leading to aligned material spreading members which rotate and broadcast the material to the underlying ground, the markers being connected by chains to carriers mounted outboard of the outboard spreading members to demarcate the outboard limits of material broadcast from the outboard spreaders. Each marker has a V-shaped stabilizing member with a rod rigidly connected to the apex of the stabilizing member to bisect the angle of said apex which is about 60.degree. and to extend between the arms of the stabilizing member so that the longitudinal axes of the arms and the rod fall in the same plane. The arms are of equal lengths and are shorter than the rod which has on its outer end a pair of plates extending perpendicular to the aforesaid plane, the plates being trapazoid-shaped as seen from the side and adapted to penetrate the underlying ground.

Abstract: Electric fields for electrostatic optics for focusing or otherwise controlling beams of ions, electrons and charged particles in general produced by surface current distributions which flow on appropriately shaped and located resistive elements from electrical power sources of appropriate voltage connected to two or more points or regions of the resistive surfaces; the resulting electric fields in the proximity of the current carrying surfaces are parallel to these surfaces. Useful electric field configurations may be produced which are inconvenient or impossible to produce by the prior art using surface charge distributions. New and improved analyzers of "concentric hemisphere" and "parallel plate" types are specifically utilized for ion kinetic energy selection prior to measurement of the mass-to-charge ratio of secondary ions produced by primary ion bombardment of surfaces.

Abstract: An implement has a row of soil working or cultivating members that are driven to rotate about upwardly extending axes. Adjacent cultivating members are rotated in relative opposite directions to work overlapping circular paths and depend from an elongated frame portion that extends transverse to the direction of travel. Between neighboring cultivating members, soil crumbling members are positioned to work the top soil adjacent the overlapping paths defined by tines of the cultivating members. Each cultivating member includes a substantially horizontal support with tines depending from that support. The crumbling members extend from a forward supporting structure, rearwardly to free ends that normally are located above or adjacent the cultivating member supports, but below the frame portion. The crumbling members are resilient and/or spring mounted and can be used in combination with forward soil working elements that also extend rearwardly to the ground during operation.

Abstract: A rotary harrow or cultivator has a frame including an elongated frame portion that supports a row of soil working members. Each soil working member has a substantially vertical shaft supported on the frame portion by upper and lower bearing connections. The shafts each have a pinion gear in mesh with neighboring pinion gears and these gears are housed within the frame portion between the upper and lower bearing connections. If the upper bearing fractures, the fragments thereof are retained by a protective member which can be a separate plastic annular member having a chamber that surrounds each shaft, or the bearing connection can be formed by two separable portions that are bolted together and secured in a top cover of the frame portion. In either case, the bearing fragments are retained and cannot become lodged between the meshed gears.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a vehicle having, viewed from the side, at least three ground wheels arranged one behind the other with respect to the direction of forward travel of the vehicle, and at least one lifting device. At least one of said ground wheels is interconnected with another wheel by a freely pivotable quadrangular structure that is in front or behind said one ground wheel with respect to the direction of forward travel.

Abstract: A spreader implement attachable to the rear of a tractor has a container with two side by side funnel shaped sections. A port in the bottom of each section allows material to pass to conveyor belts that extend laterally to each hopper side. A flow control member is slideably positioned below each port with one or more openings that correspond to each belt, which openings can be more or less exposed by an adjusting device. The conveyor belts are supported on a foldable boom at each lateral side of the container and each belt leads to a respective rotating spreading disc and the belts extend for different distances so that material is spread over a very broad path. Each spreading boom includes beams and supporting guides for the upper and lower runs of the belts. Guide members are positioned below the flow members to direct material to the upper conveyor runs.

Abstract: A metal roofing shingle having a main body portion of a generally trapezoidal configuration. A holding strip is utilized for supporting and backing the shingle, when applied to a roof. The entire structure is waterproof, easy to install and extremely durable. The trapezoidal shape of the shingle body provides a unique arrangement whereby moisture which may be driven thereunder by rain storms is readily drained.

Abstract: Wrist and ring mounted watches having a display face and an actuation mechanism to illuminate the display face. For a wrist watch, the display face is disposed on one side of the watch case adjacent the watch band with the actuation mechanism on the opposite side of the case whereby through moving the case against a sufficiently solid object, the display face is illuminated. Alternately, the wrist band may be expansible where it connects to the case and by twisting the wrist sufficiently to expand same, the mechanism is actuated which illuminates the display face. With a ring watch, the actuation mechanism is a nob on the side of the case or of the ring whereby it can be actuated by an adjacent finger.

Abstract: A system to be incorporated in new or in existing buildings where the waste lines of lavatory sinks, showers and clothes washing machines are connected to a storage reservoir for accumulation of water therein. This accumulated water is filtered and treated and thereafter used for the operation of water closets of toilets, the storage reservoir providing for the gravitational separation of solids from the water which are periodically flushed from the reservoir into the sewer. The pumping action which delivers the accumulated water to the water closets of toilets may be hydraulically operated by a portion of the water drained to the storage reservoir.

Abstract: A flux for use in an electroslag refining system utilizing 5 - 20% of the material bastnasite, a mixed rare-earth, fluocarbonate mineral, with the balance of the flux designed using primarily:Calcium fluoride (CaF.sub.2)Aluminum Oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3)and other fluxing materials based on the specific objectives of the remelting operation, characterized by providing good desulfurization and substantial exclusion of atmospheric hydrogen from the liquid metal pool.