Abstract: The grade of oil used in a machine or apparatus can be determined by determining a temperature and pressure within an oil supply and determining the oil grade in response to determining the temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A thin film coating for a low alloy steel or tool steel components in a fuel injector (14), such as a fuel injector needle valve (86) is disclosed. A thin film coating (96) consists of a metal carbon material layer less than 2.0 microns thick applied to a low alloy steel substrate (95) or tool steel substrate (95) used in fuel injector components, such as the fuel injector needle valve (86) or a portion thereof. Optionally, a thin bond layer (98) of chromium is deposited between the steel substrate (95) and the primary metal carbon material coating (96). The thin film coating (96) minimizes abrasive and adhesive wear associated with the needle valve (86) and cooperating nozzle surfaces (62, 63) of the fuel injector (14).

Abstract: End of injection rate shaping can be attained by controlling the flow rate into a check control cavity. Specifically, a flow control valve allows the check control cavity to vent at a first flow rate and to pressurize at a second slower flow rate. By pressurizing at a slower rate, end of injection does not occur as quickly, allowing injection pressure to decrease before injection is terminated.