Abstract: An electrode structure is disclosed for enhancing the brightness and/or efficiency of an LED. The electrode structure can have a metal electrode and an optically transmissive thick dielectric material formed intermediate the electrode and a light emitting semiconductor material. The electrode and the thick dielectric cooperate to reflect light from the semiconductor material back into the semiconductor so as to enhance the likelihood of the light ultimately being transmitted from the semiconductor material. Such LED can have enhanced utility and can be suitable for uses such as general illumination. The semiconductor material can have a cutout formed therein and a portion of the electrode can be formed outside of the cutout and a portion of the electrode can be formed inside of the cutout. The portion of the electrode outside the cutout can be electrically isolated from the semiconductor material by the dielectric material.

Abstract: For ray tracing, methods, apparatus, and computer readable media provide efficient transmission and/or storage of rays between ray emitters, and an intersection testing resource. Ray emitters, during emission of a plurality of rays, identify a shared attribute of each ray of the plurality, and represent that attribute as shared ray data. The shared ray data, and other ray data sufficient to determine both an origin and a direction for each ray of the plurality, are transmitted. Functionality in the intersection testing resource receives the shared ray data and the other ray data, and interprets the shared ray data and the other ray data to determine an origin and direction for each ray of the plurality, and provides those rays for intersection testing. Rays can be stored in the shared attribute format in the intersection testing resource and data elements representing the rays can be constructed later.