Abstract: Production of novel hydrocarbon-soluble salts, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of an ammonium molybdate with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an organic amine at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: Production of novel molybdenum dioxo dialkyleneglycolate compositions, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of molybdenum trioxide with particular dialkylene glycol compounds at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: Process for improving the quality of propylene oxide contaminated with minute quantities of high molecular weight poly(propylene oxide) by contacting liquid propylene oxide with certain solid adsorbents, such as activated carbon and attapulgite, thereby obtaining a substantially pure oxide product essentially free of high molecular weight poly(propylene oxide) suitable for conversion of polyether polyols capable of producing high resilient flexible polyurethane foams exhibiting high rise and substantially free of blow hole formation.

Abstract: Production of novel molybdenum dioxo dialkyleneglycolate compositions, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of molybdenum trioxide with particular dialkylene glycol compounds at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: Preparation and recovery of 1-t-butoxy-2-propanol in a high state of purity from a crude etherification reaction product obtained by reaction of isobutylene with propylene glycol in the presence of a solid resin etherification catalyst is disclosed. The crude reaction product is distilled to obtain a 1-t-butoxy-2-propanol-containing distillate, thereby leaving propylene glycol as bottoms; the condensed distillate is then further distilled to separate 1-t-butoxy-2-propanol as an overhead product from higher boiling materials.

Abstract: The process of regenerating a soluble, stable molybdenum-containing catalyst suitable for epoxidation of olefins with a hydroperoxide which comprises thermally precipitating and separating a molybdenum-containing solid obtained from a spent catalyst stream derived from a molybdenum catalyzed epoxidation of an olefin and solubilizing the precipitated solid by contacting with a liquid composition comprising an admixture of a monohydroxy alcohol, a polyhydroxy alcohol and an organic peroxide or hydroperoxide, said polyhydroxy alcohol being present in an amount of at least about 2 moles per mole or molybdenum to be solubilized.

Abstract: Production of a reaction mixture comprising the multifunctional acrylates, methacrylates or halogenated derivatives thereof of oxyalkylated allyl alcohol characterized as being free of odor typical of allyl compounds, not lachrimatory and substantially reduced skin irritation as compared with acrylates and methacrylates of allyl alcohol. The acrylate and methacrylate compositions of the invention are useful as radiation-crosslinkable diluents for radiation-hardenable compositions (binders).

Abstract: A novel method for producing branched carboxylic acids or esters from alpha-unsaturated olefins is disclosed. Such olefins are reacted with a novel, sterically hindered, ortho substituted phenylphosphine palladium halide catalysts in the presence of water or primary or secondary alcohols to produce high branched end product yields. Such catalysts have phosphine ligand cone angles of between about 170.degree. and 180.degree.. Tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine palladium halide and o-trifluoromethylphenyldiphenylphosphine palladium halide catalysts are preferred.

Abstract: Alkoxylated ether sulfate anionic surfactants of this invention are prepared by conventional procedures, e.g., oxyalkylation with propylene oxide or 1,2-butylene oxide of a branched chain alcohol; optionally followed by oxyalkylation with ethylene oxide or with a mixture of ethylene oxide and higher alkylene oxide; sulfation of the alkoxylated product; and neutralization of the sulfated derivative. The alkoxylated ether sulfate anionic surfactants of the present invention are liquids which exhibit superior detergency to polyester fabrics, excellent hard water stability, low foaming, low odor, and exhibit excellent compatibility with non-ionic and other surfactants in detergent formulations.

Abstract: Production of novel molybdenum dioxo dialkyleneglycolate compositions, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of molybdenum trioxide with particular dialkylene glycol compounds at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: A novel method of converting alkanoic acids, such as isobutyric acid, to alpha-beta unsaturated acids, such as methacrylic acid, is disclosed which exhibits a higher degree of selectivity than those vapor phase oxydehydration methods heretofore known to the art. The preferred method comprises contacting a Dawson structure phosphomolybdic acid catalyst with isobutyric acid under specified reaction conditions to achieve a high selectivity for methacrylic acid.

Abstract: The process of regenerating a stable organic soluble molybdenum-containing catalyst suitable for epoxidation of olefins with a hydroperoxide which comprises thermally precipitating and separating a molybdenum-containing solid obtained from a spent catalyst stream derived from a molybdenum catalyzed epoxidation of an olefin and solubilizing the precipitated solid by contacting with a liquid composition comprising a peroxy compound, a monohydroxy alcohol, optionally a polyhydroxy alcohol, and an organic dicarboxylic acid present in an amount of at least about 0.2 parts, by weight, of molybdenum contained in said solid.

Abstract: Alkoxylated ether sulfate anionic surfactants of this invention are prepared by conventional procedures, e.g., oxyalkylation with propylene oxide or 1,2-butylene oxide of a straight chain plasticizer range alcohol; optionally followed by oxyalkylation with ethylene oxide or with a mixture of ethylene oxide and higher alkylene oxide; sulfation of the alkoxylated product; and neutralization of the sulfated derivative. The alkoxylated ether sulfate anionic surfactants of the present invention are liquids which exhibit superior detergency to polyester fabrics, excellent hard water stability, organic solubility, low foaming, low odor, and exhibit excellent compatibility with non-ionic and other surfactants in detergent formulations.

Abstract: Mixtures of alkoxylated ether sulfate anionic surfactants of this invention are prepared by conventional procedures, e.g., oxyalkylation with propylene oxide or 1,2-butylene oxide of a plasticizer range linear or branched "oxo" alcohol; optionally followed by oxyalkylation with ethylene oxide or with a mixture of ethylene oxide and higher alkylene oxide; sulfation of the alkoxylated product; and neutralization of the sulfated derivative. The alkoxylated ether sulfate anionic surfactant compositions of the present invention are liquids which exhibit superior detergency to polyester fabrics, excellent hard water stability, low foaming, low odor, and exhibit excellent compatibility with non-ionic and other surfactants in detergent formulations.

Abstract: Production of novel hydrocarbon-soluble salts, especially adapted for use as catalysts in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide, by reaction of an ammonium molybdate with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an organic amine at specified elevated temperatures while removing water.

Abstract: Production of molybdenum-containing stable catalyst solutions especially adapted for use in the epoxidation of olefinic compounds with an organic hydroperoxide by reaction of molybdenum metal with a peroxy compound and an organic dicarboxylic acid in the presence of monohydroxy alcohol is provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to the purification of tertiary butyl hydroperoxide containing minor amounts of primary and secondary alkyl hydroperoxide contaminants obtained by the oxidation of isobutane by contacting the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide with at least about 2 milliequivalents per gram of total hydroperoxide present of a hydroxide or an oxide of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in aqueous solution and recovering the desired tertiary butyl hydroperoxide containing substantially reduced concentrations of primary and secondary alkyl hydroperoxide contaminants.

Abstract: A visual indicating paste composition for producing a detectable color change upon contact with an aqueous solution comprising an indicator dye capable of changing color in the pH range between about 7 and about 11, an inorganic base in the form of a caustic powder dispersed in a liquid carrier capable of absorbing water which is not rapidly leached by water or hydrocarbon, and a minor amount of a boron-containing compound, is provided. When applied to a measuring probe, the paste composition is particularly adapted for detecting the water level in the bottom of tanks and delivery systems containing gasoline, and especially gasoline containing oxygenated blending components, by producing a clear detectable color change without bleeding or run-off upon contact with an aqueous solution. The paste composition exhibits long shelf life and improved water tolerance.

Abstract: A novel synthesis of methacrylic acid and methacrolein from isobutylene oxide is provided. This method includes contacting isobutylene oxide with a catalyst, preferably a heteropolyacid catalyst, in the presence of oxygen. Using this method, isobutylene oxide conversion is nearly 100% complete. Depending upon the reaction temperature selected, yields of up to about 60% methacrolein and up to about 12% methacrylic acid may be obtained. A simple, inexpensive high yield process is thus provided for producing reaction mixtures containing methacrylic acid and methacrolein.

Abstract: The process of decomposing a hydroperoxide by contacting the hydroperoxide with a catalytic quantity of a catalyst system comprised of chromium and ruthenium. The catalyst system is characterized by its high stability while exhibiting improved activity for hydroperoxide decomposition and selectivity to desired alcohol and ketone products.