Abstract: A method of producing a comestible and associated apparatus are disclosed. A baking mixture is prepared having a moisture content. A mold arrangement is then provided having a mold cavity which is sealable from ambient pressure. The baking mixture is placed in the mold cavity and the mold cavity is then sealed. Thereafter, the mold arrangement is heated with the baking mixture therein such that pressure in the mold cavity rises above ambient pressure and a substantial portion of the moisture content in the baking mixture remains in the mold cavity as the baking mixture heats to form the comestible. In one aspect, the baking mixture is formulated to have a density which is approximately equal to the desired density of the comestible to be produced. Thereafter, the mold cavity of the mold arrangement is substantially filled with the density controlled baking mixture.

Abstract: A boring tool contains an arrangement for producing a dipole magnetic field. The boring tool is steered through the ground using a boring machine. The position of the boring tool, during its movement through the ground, is established by an above ground receiver in cooperation with and responsive to the magnetic field. The receiver is configured to operate alternatively in first and second modes. When operating the receiver in the first mode positioned above ground, the receiver includes an arrangement responsive to the magnetic field for determining the location of the boring tool as the boring tool moves along a path from a first point to a second point. When operating the receiver in the second mode positioned at a fixed point, the receiver includes an arrangement responsive to the magnetic field for establishing between the boring tool and the receiver a homing path along which the boring tool is steered toward the fixed point.

Abstract: Systems and associated methods for tracking and/or guiding an underground boring tool are disclosed. Each system or arrangement uses one or more detectors to measure the intensity of an electromagnetic field which is transmitted from an underground boring tool. The measured intensities may then be used to determine the location of the boring tool. In a dead reckoning embodiment of the invention, one detector may be employed while, in a position determination embodiment, two or more detectors may be employed. In any embodiment, physically measurable parameters may be used in addition to measured magnetic intensities. A highly advantageous mapping tool instrument and a cubic antenna are disclosed. The former for use in the position determination embodiment and the latter for use in any magnetic field detector employed herein.

Abstract: Optical devices are described. These devices incorporate a walk-off arrangement along the device length configured for simultaneously moving orthogonal polarization components of a first light signal in at least first and second orthogonal directions. The walk-off configuration includes a junction formed between confronting members which define the first and second orthogonal walk-off directions. The walk-off arrangement defines the first and second orthogonal directions such that the orthogonal polarization components of the first light signal are moved in directions which include a component of movement away from the junction. In this way, contact of the polarization components with the junction attributable to beam spreading is avoided. Moreover, the component of movement away from the junction may serve to compensate for beam spreading in other layers and/or for movement in other layers of the polarization components towards one or more junctions defined in the other layers.

Abstract: Systems and associated methods for tracking and/or guiding an underground boring tool are disclosed. Each system or arrangement uses one or more detectors to measure the intensity of an electromagnetic field which is transmitted from an underground boring tool. The measured intensities may then be used to determine the location of the boring tool. In a dead reckoning embodiment of the invention, one detector may be employed while, in a position determination embodiment, two or more detectors may be employed. In any embodiment, physically measurable parameters may be used in addition to measured magnetic intensities. A highly advantageous mapping tool instrument and a cubic antenna are disclosed. The former for use in the position determination embodiment and the latter for use in any magnetic field detector employed herein.

Abstract: A method is disclosed as part of an overall process in which a boring tool is moved through the ground within a given region along a particular path in an orientation which includes pitch. A locating signal is transmitted from the boring tool which signal exhibits a field defined forward point within a reference surface which field defined forward point is vertically above an inground forward point on the particular path through which the boring tool is likely to pass. The method establishes a predicted depth of the boring tool at the inground forward point by first identifying the field defined forward point. The signal strength of the locating signal is then measured at the field defined forward point as being representative of the depth of the boring tool at an inground upstream point which is the current location of the boring tool. With the boring tool at the upstream inground point, the pitch of the boring tool is determined.

Abstract: An antenna member, associated orthogonal antenna arrangement and method are disclosed. The antenna member is configured such that an orthogonal antenna arrangement may utilize two or three identical ones of the disclosed antenna member. Accordingly, the antenna member includes a support member defining a through hole which includes a predetermined configuration. Furthermore, an arrangement of conductive members is supported by the support member and surrounds the through hole such that an antenna pattern is defined along an axis which extends through the through hole. The predetermined configuration of the through hole is such that a two orthogonal axis antenna subassembly may be formed by receiving a first one of the antenna members in the predetermined configuration of the through hole of a second one of the antenna members in a way which arranges the axes of the first and second antenna members orthogonally with respect to one another.

Abstract: The present invention provides a locator/monitor capable of locating a boring tool and monitoring the progress of the tool for control purposes. The locator/monitor may be used in expedited locating methodology and straightforward calibration techniques of the present invention. A durable and cost effective pitch sensor is also provided by the present invention. In addition, the present invention provides a slotted transmitter housing formed of an electrically conductive material, where the magnetic field generated by the transmitter is capable of penetrating to the surface.

Abstract: A single mode laser implementation and associated method are disclosed. The laser may accommodate a frequency multiplying material to provide an intracavity doubled single frequency laser. The laser implementation includes an input mirror and an output mirror defining a resonant cavity and a light path within the resonant cavity and between the mirrors. A lasant material is positioned in the light path for lasing at a desired fundamental wavelength and possibly other, unwanted wavelengths. A first birefringent member is also positioned in the light path for refracting in different directions the different wavelengths of light which are present along the path.

Abstract: As will be described in more detail hereinafter, there are disclosed herein high performance optical circulators and an associated method. The improvement in these circulators comprises an arrangement along the length of the main body for performing a predetermined sequence of optical operations including at least three non-reciprocal polarization rotation steps which are separated from one another by other optical operations (a) on a first light signal as the first light signal passes in a forward direction from a first port to a second port and (b) on a second light signal as the second light signal passes in a rearward direction from the second port to a third port such that a substantial portion of the first light signal exits from the second port and a substantial portion of the second light signal exits from the third port and so that the first and third ports are physically isolated with respect to one another at the first end.

Abstract: An improved method of operating a drilling system for purposes of installing an underground line and associated apparatus are disclosed. The drilling system includes a drill rig which is positionable at a drilling site and a drill string which is configured for extension by the drill rig such that the drill string is extendable to a predetermined location in a way which forms a pilot bore and which is further configured for retraction, such that one end of a line may be attached to the drill string at the predetermined location and pulled through the pilot bore from the predetermined location to the drill rig as the drill string is retracted. The improvement comprises monitoring tension levels in the line during retraction which tension levels are caused by the force of retraction on the line and transmitting the tension levels to an above ground location for use in establishing the condition of the line as it is installed underground.

Abstract: A two-mode, amplitude-stable laser is disclosed which provides two-mode operation (i.e., two fundamental lasing modes of similar, but distinct frequencies), resulting in low noise output at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental mode frequencies. An associated method is also disclosed. A nonlinear material is positioned in the path of lasing light for converting light from fundamental frequencies to particular harmonic frequencies of those fundamental frequencies such that the fundamental frequencies incur a nonlinear loss. The nonlinear material establishes the nonlinear loss at a level which is greater than the linear loss within the cavity such that two of the fundamental frequencies lase while unwanted fundamental frequencies are extinguished. A two-mode criterion is introduced which ensures two-mode laser operation. A stability criterion is also introduced which cooperates with the two-mode criterion in a way which provides a high level of beam output intensity stability.

Abstract: An intracavity doubled single longitudinal mode laser is disclosed which provides stable (i.e., low amplitude variation in its output beam intensity), efficient operation. An associated method is also disclosed. The laser includes an input mirror and an output mirror defining a resonant cavity and a light path within the resonant cavity and between the mirrors. The output mirror is configured to be substantially transparent to an output wavelength produced within the cavity. A lasant material is positioned in the light path for producing light at a desired fundamental wavelength and possibly other, unwanted wavelengths. Polarizing element and a type I doubling material are also positioned in the light path. During operation of the laser, the polarizing element polarizes the desired fundamental wavelength as well as the unwanted wavelengths of light produced by the lasant material. The type I doubling material then produces output wavelengths at twice the frequency of any wavelengths passing therethrough.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of performing alignment adjustments for bringing a laser into a desired alignment which, in turn, affects light output intensity of the laser. The laser defines an alignable light path within a resonant cavity and includes a birefringent nonlinear material having an input face. The method includes the steps of arranging the nonlinear material in the light path in a way which causes the light path to pass through the input face of the nonlinear material such that the alignment adjustments affect a plurality of parameters which parameters are normally interdependently coupled to one another with respect to each alignment adjustment. One of the parameters being the phase retardance of the birefringent nonlinear material and one of the adjustments is the tilt of the birefringent non-linear material with respect to the light path.

Abstract: A method is disclosed as part of an overall process in which a boring tool is moved through the ground within a given region along a particular path in an orientation which includes pitch. A locating signal is transmitted from the boring tool which exhibits negative locate points at the surface of the ground. The method establishes the depth of the boring tool at a particular position by identifying a negative locate point corresponding to the particular position of the boring tool along the particular path. Thereafter, a signal strength of the locating signal is measured at the negative locate point. The pitch of the boring tool is then determined at the particular position of the boring tool. Using the measured signal strength and the determined pitch, the depth of the boring tool beneath the surface of the ground is established at the particular point.

Abstract: A single mode laser implementation and associated method are disclosed. The laser may accommodate a frequency multiplying material to provide an intracavity doubled single frequency laser. The laser implementation includes an input mirror and an output mirror defining a resonant cavity and a light path within the resonant cavity and between the mirrors. A lasant material is positioned in the light path for lasing at a desired fundamental wavelength and possibly other, unwanted wavelengths. A first birefringent member is also positioned in the light path for refracting in different directions the different wavelengths of light which are present along the path.

Abstract: An arrangement and associated method for thermally protecting an electronic component assembly from heat at least to a limited extent is disclosed herein. The electronic component assembly includes a plurality of thermally sensitive electronic devices, each of which is constructed such that when the device is in a powered state there is a maximum operating temperature to which it may be subjected without causing thermal damage and such that when the device is in a non-powered state there is a higher maximum non-operating temperature to which the device may be subjected without causing thermal damage. During powered operation of the assembly, the temperature is sensed at a predetermined position in close proximity to the devices.

Abstract: Treatment systems and associated methods for exposing one or more articles to at least one treatment source are disclosed herein. In one embodiment the system includes a single treatment source. The treatment source and the article or articles being treated are positioned in separately evacuable chambers. In a method of using the first embodiment, the article or articles can be removed from a handling chamber while the treatment source remains in an evacuated environment within a source chamber. Multi-source treatment systems and associated methods are also disclosed herein. Each treatment source in the multi-source systems is positioned in a respective evacuable chamber completely isolated from the other sources which make up the overall system. An evacuable multi-source handling chamber is arranged for selective movement between the source chambers.

Abstract: A system is disclosed in which a boring tool is moved through the ground in a region which includes at least one electrically conductive in-ground line. The system includes an arrangement for tracking a specific positional relationship between the boring tool and one or more in-ground lines. The arrangement generates a magnetic field from one of either the boring tool or the line. A particular characteristic of the generated field is detected at the boring tool if the field is generated from the line or is detected at the line if the field is generated from the boring tool. The characteristic varies as a function of the specific positional relationship between the boring tool and the line as the boring tool moves through the ground within the region.