Abstract: A process for recovering copper from chalcopyrite is disclosed. The process includes oxidising sulphur in chalcopyrite with a solution under predetermined contact conditions and thereby releasing at least part of the copper in the chalcopyrite into the solution as copper ions. The process includes a subsequent step of reducing sulphur in a solid product from step (a) to a minus two, ie. sulphide, valence state with a solution under predetermined contact conditions. The process further includes a subsequent step of oxidising sulphur in a solid product from step (b) with a solution under predetermined contact conditions and thereby releasing at least part of the remaining copper in the solid product into the solution as copper ions. The process further includes recovering copper from one or more of the solutions from steps (a) and (c).

Abstract: In a joint section between a shaft and a universal-joint yoke a tip surface on the tip end of the shaft and an inside surface of a connecting section of the yoke fit together in concave-convex engagement. The tip surface contacts the inside surface at two contact locations, and a clearance between these surfaces is formed between the two contact locations, whereby movement of the tip end of the shaft is restricted and vibration of the shaft is prevented.

Abstract: The quality of a non-leaded semiconductor device is to be improved. The semiconductor device comprises a sealing body for sealing a semiconductor chip with resin, a tab disposed in the interior of the sealing body, suspension leads for supporting the tab, plural leads having respective to-be-connected surfaces exposed to outer edge portions of a back surface of the sealing body, and plural wires for connecting pads formed on the semiconductor chip and the leads with each other. End portions of the suspending leads positioned in an outer periphery portion of the sealing body are not exposed to the back surface of the sealing body, but are covered with the sealing body. Therefore, stand-off portions of the suspending leads are not formed in resin molding.

Abstract: A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device of a split gate structure having a gate of low resistance suitable to the arrangement of a memory cell array is provided. When being formed of a side wall spacer, a memory gate is formed of polycrystal silicon and then replaced with nickel silicide. Thus, its resistance can be lowered with no effect on the silicidation to the selection gate or the diffusion layer.

Abstract: A data processing device which selects either emission of electrons from a nonvolatile memory cell or injection of electrons into it for each bit. A memory array includes a plurality of nonvolatile memory cells each having a pair of a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor where the first transistor has a charge retention layer and a memory gate and is used for data storage and the second transistor has a control gate and selectively connects the first transistor to a bit line. When negative voltage is applied to a memory gate, electrons held by a charge retention layer are emitted through hot carriers generated in a nonvolatile memory cell channel region for erasing; and when positive voltage is applied to the memory gate, electrons are injected into the charge retention layer through hot carriers generated in the nonvolatile memory cell channel region for writing and controls the generation and suppression of hot carriers by means of bit line voltage on each bit line.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group having positive power, a second lens group having negative power, a third lens group having positive power, a fourth lens group having positive power, and a fifth lens group having positive power. Upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, the first and fifth lens groups moves with respect to the image plane, the second lens group moves at first to the image and then to the object, and the third and fourth lens groups move to the object such that a distance between the first and second lens groups increases, a distance between the second and third lens group decreases, a distance between the third and fourth lens groups decreases, and a distance between the fourth and fifth lens groups increases. Given conditional expressions are satisfied.

Abstract: A dynamically configurable threat scanning machine management system is capable of tracking information associated with one ore more items and/or passengers. The central control computer network can transmit, among other things, operational software and threat profiles to the threat scanning machines, while the threat scanning machines can transmit, among other things, images, alarms, and performance data to the central computer that can be distributed to one or more operator stations and/or other command and control centers for review and analysis. The threat scanning machine management system can be arranged in a hierarchical manner which enables threat scanning machines at various locations to be connected into regional, national or international control centers. The tracked information and alarm generation and distribution allow, for example, comparison to other information to determine if an alarm or change in thresholds or sensitivity is warranted.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical system comprising a first imaging optical system for forming an intermediate image of a first plane surface, a second imaging optical system for forming a final image of the first plane surface onto a second plane surface which is substantially parallel to the first plane surface, and a catadioptric type optical system disposed in the optical path from the first plane surface to the second plane surface and including a first reflecting surface which reflects light coming from through the first plane surface and a second reflecting surface for directing the light reflected by the first reflecting surface toward the second plane surface. At least one of the first and second reflecting surfaces is a concave reflecting surface. All of the optical elements of the catadioptric optical system are disposed on a single linear optical axis.

Abstract: A system and method for drying particulate material in a dual flow hopper employs multiple flow paths by which heated gas is inserted into the hopper at different levels. Gas is extracted from the hopper and is divided for flow along two flow paths, one of the flow paths receiving gas that has been dried and the other flow path receiving gas that has not been dried.

Abstract: New derivatives of platinum (II) complex are herein provided, which are liposoluble and applicable as antimicrobial agents and anticancer agents specific to the affected parts of patients and selectively transferred to the parts if they are used in combination with a contrast medium such as lipiodol, the derivatives being represented by the following general formula: (wherein R1 and R2 may be identical or different with each other and represent an ammine optionally substituted with an organic substituent and they may be bonded together through a bivalent organic group and R3 is a saturated or unsaturated higher fatty acid, these derivatives being prepared by nitrifying a cis-dichloro-di-(substituted or unsubstituted)-ammine platinum (II) and then reacting the resulting aqua type product with a corresponding alkali metal salt of higher fatty acid.

Abstract: A computer controlled system for guiding the needle device, such as a biopsy needle, by reference to a single mode medical imaging system employing any one of computed tomography imaging (CTI) equipment, magnetic resonance imaging equipment (MRI), fluoroscopic imaging equipment, or 3D ultrasound system, or alternatively, by reference to a multi-modal imaging system, which includes any combination of the aforementioned systems. The 3D ultrasound system includes a combination of an ultrasound probe and both passive and active infrared tracking systems so that the combined system enables a real time image display of the entire region of interest without probe movement.

Abstract: A method of providing Web access to data using dynamic generation of Web pages by a mainframe computer connected to a Web server. The mainframe computer has legacy programs, legacy data, and legacy subroutines on it (Legacy means existing information systems which may not be specifically adapted to Web access). A Web control program on the mainframe marries file definition objects and page definition objects to generate Web pages and allow a Web user to access legacy data stored in databases on the mainframe. A state key is generated by the mainframe upon a user inputting identification data and the state key is then incorporated into the Web page generated by the Web control program. By receiving the state key back from the user, the Web control program determines the extent of access allowed to a particular user without the user having to reenter identification data. The Web control program allows one to manage and change the appearance of Web pages.

Abstract: Disclosed is a self plugging blind rivet for securing together apertured members, the rivet comprising a tubular shell having a tail end face at one end and a preformed radially enlarged bead at the other end, and a stem that extends through the shell and has a stem head adjacent the tail end face of the shell and a breakneck located away from the stem head, in which the region of the stem shank on the stem head side of the breakneck has a plurality of depressions formed therein extending to the breakneck, the corresponding region of the shell substantially filling the depressions in a region adjacent the stem head and progressively less towards the breakneck whereby, in use and under axial compression loading of the shell, the shell preferentially buckles in the region adjacent the member remote from the preformed head to form a blind head in contact with the member so as to clamp together the apertured members.

Abstract: Polyamines having the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are alkyl, aralkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms; and a and b may be the same or different and are integers from 1 to 8; or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Anti-neoplastic, anti-diarrheal, anti-peristaltic, gastro-intestinal anti-spasmodic, anti-viral, anti-retroviral, anti-psoriasis and insecticidal compositions comprising biologically effective amounts of the above-described amines and biologically acceptable carriers therefor are also disclosed, as well as methods of treatment, administration or application of biologically effective amounts of the polyamines of the invention. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the polyamines of the invention.

Abstract: An improved method and composition for preventing adhesions during surgery. Tissue surfaces and surgical articles involved in the surgery are coated with a solution of a hydrophilic, polymeric material prior to manipulation of the tissue during surgery. The composition comprises a solution of a polymeric material having a molecular weight of about 500,000 or above having a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 15%, by weight.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating irritable bowel syndrome in a subject in need of such treatment, utilizing an amount of a polyamine having the formula: R—NH—(CH2)a—NH—(CH2)bH—(CH2)c—NH2,  1) CF3—C6H5—(CH2)a—NH—(CH2)b—NH—(CH2)c—NH—(CH2)dNH—(CH2)e—C6H5—CF3,  2) R—NH—(CH2)a—NH—C6H6—NH—(CH2)b—NH—R  3) and PIP—(CH2)a—NH—(CH2)b—NH—(CH2)c—PIP,  4) wherein: R is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or cyclo-alkyl having up to about 10 carbon atoms, and any of the alkyl chains may optionally be interrupted by at least one etheric oxygen atom, PIP is piperidine and a, b, c, d, and e may be the same or different and are integers from 1-10 effective to treat irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract: Anti-diarrheal, anti-secretory, nitric oxide agonist, nitric oxide synthase activating or gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic compounds of the formula:  R1—N1H—(CH2)3—N2H—(C2)3—N3H—(CH2)4—N4H—(CH2)3—N5H—(CH2)3—N6H—R6  (II); or wherein: R1 and R6 may be the same or different and are H, alkyl or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; R2-R5 may be the same or different and are H, R1 or R6; R7 is H, alkyl, aryl or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; m is an integer from 3 to 6, inclusive; and n is an integer from 3 to 6, inclusive; or (IV) a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. Methods of treatment utilizing the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A technique for Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), an advanced form of external beam irradiation that is commonly referred as three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), uses an array of radiation sources disposed within cells of a two-dimensional (2D) grid of radiation blocking walls. The intensity of radiation applied to a patient from any individual source is modulated dependent on local properties of a target, such as characteristics or dimensions of that portion of a tumor subject to radiation from a given source at a given time. In particular, each source is individually moved toward or away from the patient depending on the local (i.e., local to that source) properties of the target.

Abstract: Anti-diarrheal and/or gastrointestinal anti-spasmodic pharmaceutical compositions containing [A] a polyamine of the formula: R1—N1(R2)—(CH2)x—N2H—Q—N3H—(CH2)y—N4(R3)—R4  (I) wherein: R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be the same or different and are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic group having from 3 to 10 atoms wherein the hetero atom is said N1 or N4; Q is a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms; x is an integer from 3 to 6, inclusive; and y is an integer from 3 to 6, inclusive; or (II) a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid; and [B] a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor as well as methods of treatment utilizing the polyamines are disclosed.