Abstract: A group of dielectric compounds and mixtures of dielectric compounds with useful properties at microwave frequencies is disclosed. The dielectric materials are temperature compensated, have relatively high dielectric constants, and comprise the group of BaTi.sub.4 O.sub.9, and mixtures of Li.sub.2 TiO.sub.3 and Li.sub.4 Ti.sub.5 O.sub.12, MgTi.sub.2 O.sub.5 and TiO.sub.2, Zn.sub.2 TiO.sub.4 and TiO.sub.2, and BaTi.sub.4 O.sub.9 and TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: A voltage subtracting diode which is utilized in the current limiting or current foldback section of the voltage regulator circuit of a power supply to offset the base-emitter voltage drop of a transistor in said regulating circuit and also to provide tracking of the base-emitter voltage of said transistor with temperature in order to stabilize the value of current limit operation and to permit accurate current limiting with a smaller value of resistance in the series pass current sensing resistor. The use of individual diodes for each pass transistor permits parallel stages of series pass transistors to be used without exceeding permitted limits in the event of a failure of one of the series pass transistors.

Abstract: High accuracy function calculating apparatus using a minimum of components and storage locations. Second difference values of the function to be generated are stored in a read-only memory which is addressed by an incrementable and reversible address counter. A first accumulator circuit connected to the output of the read-only memory calculates the first difference values of the function. A second accumulator coupled to the output of the first accumulator calculates the values of the desired function. The apparatus is used to advantage in radar azimuth converter applications as well as in general purpose function calculating applications.

Abstract: A radar system using a resonant circuit pulsed generator such as a magnetron with a nonresonant filter using directional couplers to split the power output of the generator into two signal channels and to directionally recombine the channels after the channels have passed through different delay times, with the differential delay between the channels being selected to direct the desired frequency components of the generator to a first output port and undesired sidebands or other spurious signals of the generator to a second port.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging system for high energy radiation utilizing a detector of such radiation and a mask having regions relatively transparent to such radiation interspersed among regions relatively opaque to such radiation. A relative motion is imparted between the mask and the detector, the detector providing a time varying signal in response to the incident radiation and in response to the relative motion. The time varying signal provides, with the aid of a decoder, an image of a source of such radiation.

Abstract: Samples of signals received by elements responsive to incident radiation, such as an array of sonar transducers, are obtained as exponents of the base two by a successive approximation register and decoder coupled together in a feedback loop by a comparator and a digital-to-analog converter. Weighting of samples from the individual transducers is obtained by adding scaling exponents to the sample exponents. Combining of samples to form a beam of received radiation is accomplished by summing together the antilogarithms of selected weighted samples.

Abstract: A simulator of a radiographic camera providing signals representing the magnitude of radiant energy incident upon the camera and the location of the radiant energy relative to the camera. The simulator is composed of electrical circuits which simulate the repetition frequency as a function of the amplitude of radioactive events and provide a series of amplitude modulated pulses having a distribution of amplitudes according to the frequency of occurrence of the amplitudes. A circuit providing randomly occurring values of location coordinates produces X and Y location signals.

Abstract: A scanning system for a gamma camera providing for the overlapping of adjacent scan paths. A collimator mask having tapered edges provides for a graduated reduction in intensity of radiation received by a detector thereof, the reduction in intensity being graduated in a direction normal to the scanning path to provide a blending of images of adjacent scan paths.

Abstract: A laser gyroscope system which detects frequency shifts in which waves are propagated along a path in opposite directions at different frequencies to minimize interaction between the waves with frequency separation of the waves maintained by both reciprocal and nonreciprocal polarization dispersion in which frequencies of the two waves propagating in one direction lie between the two frequencies of waves propagating in the opposite direction. Rotation of the system produces shifts of the frequencies so that variation in the difference between the separation between the two upper frequencies, which propagate in opposite directions, and the separation between the two lower frequencies, which propagate in opposite directions, is used to measure rotation rate.

Abstract: A harmonic frequency suppressor is disclosed for microwave magnetrons having an output antenna probe member. A coaxial cylindrical member is disposed within the vacuum envelope to provide in combination with the antenna probe member a line filter for suppressing harmonic frequencies of the generated output signal frequency. The length of the coaxial member is dimensioned to suppress the desired harmonic frequency.

Abstract: A digital data communication system employing quaternary phase-shift keying for transmission by a microwave radio link. The digital modulation of the quadrature channel is delayed from the in-phase channel by one-half the time duration of a bit so that the transmitted phase does not experience a quantum shift in excess of 90.degree.. This permits the use of an injection locked oscillator as an amplifier of the microwave transmission.

Abstract: A sonar system comprising a curved transducer array, typically in the form of a cylinder, in which the transducer elements are arranged in geometrically similar configurations on each of a plurality of planes having symmetry about a common axis. In the presence of an incident beam of radiant energy, the transducer elements are excited by signals having values of delay which vary from transducer to transducer in a regular pattern resulting from the symmetry of the array. This permits the utilization of a relatively small memory for the storing of delay values as a function of the bearing and tilt of the center line of a receiving beam relative to the axis of the array. The delay values are read out of the memory via switching and recycling circuitry to successively apply a sequence of delay values to delay elements coupled to the transducer elements to accomplish a steering of a transmitted or received beam in both elevation and azimuth.

Abstract: A package heat exchange system having a burner positioned in the central plenum of a first heat exchanger and supplied with a fuel-air mixture through a blower supplied with fuel through a pressure regulator which requires a negative pressure at the blower input to draw gaseous fuel through the pressure regulator. Thermal energy is transferred from the first heat exchanger to a second heat exchanger or from the second heat exchanger to a third heat exchanger by pumped fluids and transferred to or from the second heat exchanger and air blown through the second heat exchanger to heat or cool the air with blowing of the air, operation of the burner and heating of the first heat exchanger when the burner is not operating being used to maintain the temperature of the surface of the first heat exchanger which contacts the products of combustion of the burner above the dew point of the products of combustion.

Abstract: An electrical circuit structure formed by bonding an integrated circuit, which has a plurality of conductive leads formed substantially coplanar with one surface of the semiconductor integrated circuit chip, to a pattern of conductive lines formed on the surface of a substrate having an insulating surface by positioning the leads adjacent the surface of the substrate supporting the conductive lines with portions of the conductive leads overlapping portions of the conductive lines and bonding said portions together by welding while exerting a substantially uniform weld deformation pressure on each of said conductive lead portions to deform said conductive lead portions to a predetermined degree.

Abstract: An extended radiating aperture for X-rays is provided by means of a stationary target of an X-ray emissive metal positioned for uniform illumination by high speed electrons emanating from a cathode and accelerating through a difference of potential between the cathode and the target. The target is in the form of a relatively thin film which can be deposited on a substrate transparent to X-radiation. The substrate cools the target. The generator is advantageously utilized with a zone plate which provides a coding on a roentgenogram which is then decoded by an optical processor to form a visible image of an object being X-rayed. An alternative embodiment of the invention includes the use of an inclined transmissive target for enhanced monochromaticity to emitted radiation.

Abstract: A transducer composed of a plurality of transducer segments arranged along a line with electrodes positioned between the segments and a pair of end electrodes positioned at opposite ends of the line of transducer segments. The two end electrodes are electrically coupled. Alternate ones of the remaining electrodes are coupled to the terminal pair of a signal generator which electrically activates the transducer segments to convert the electrical signals to vibrational energy for the radiation of sonic energy from the transducer. This arrangement reduces the electrical potential between the electrodes and a metallic case which encloses the transducer.

Abstract: A combined active phased antenna array for satellite solar power station systems includes a plurality of directly coupled microwave energy generators for conversion of the dc power generated by a system of solar energy conversion means to microwave energy. The microwave power is transmitted through space in a narrow beam for capture and rectification at the receiving point. The microwave energy generator devices embodied in the invention are of the crossed field amplifier type having a very high efficiency and extremely long life through the use of a cold cathode secondary emitting electron source. The microwave generated power is transmitted through slotted waveguide radiator arrays with the phase of the energy monitored and corrections are made by phase shifting devices where necessary.

Abstract: A microwave semiconductor amplifier or oscillator system in which a semiconductor device has an avalanching region at a junction and a heat sink having a higher thermal conductivity than said avalanching region in close thermal contact with the said junction. The avalanching region has a width substantially less than 10 times the thickness of said avalanching region but a length substantially greater than said width. The heat sink is made substantially wider than that of the avalanching region so that heat generated in the avalanching region during operation of the system and moving into the heat sink will have a substantial component thereof moving parallel to the junction, thereby decreasing the thermal resistance between the heat source and the heat sink and hence permitting an increased power output from the system.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device of the beam lead type having a semiconductor interconnection substrate with apertures for integrated circuit chips therein and with metallization patterns having sharply pointed ends for penetrating oxide layers over the bonding pads of the chips and for making electrical connection thereto. Devices thus produced may be assembled and tested and failed chips replaced as necessary before the chips are ultrasonically welded to the interconnection metallization and before final fabrication of the device. The invention also includes a method for producing an interconnection substrate in which a plurality of conically shaped holes are etched into a semiconductor wafer having sharp points within the body of the wafer. A metal layer is deposited over the surface of the semiconductor wafer filling the etched holes. Sharp points are thus formed on the metal in the etched holes.

Abstract: A nuclear imaging device comprising a plurality of scanning heads spaced apart in a predetermined configuration with the aid of a support member that permits the individual scanning heads to scan in parallel, antiparallel, and tomographic modes. The support member which is driven in both X and Y directions is mechanically connected with the stylus of a graphical X-Y plotter via a backlash linkage. Displays are provided wherein the color of the ink dot on printed paper or the intensity of the light projected on photographic film are related to the nuclear particle count in a preselectable manner.