Abstract: 1-aza bicyclo [2.2.2.]oct-2-ene alcohols are used to form glycolic esters, useful as anticholinergic drugs, which have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the class consisting of phenyl and cyclopentyl; R.sub.2 represents a hydrocarbon radical of 3 to 6 carbon atoms; Z is selected from the class consisting of --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- and --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd. and R.sub.3 represents an azacyclic ring.

Abstract: Glycolic esters, useful as anticholinergic drugs, have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the class consisting of phenyl and cyclopentyl; R.sub.2 represents a hydrocarbon radical of 3 to 6 carbon atoms; Z is selected from the class consisting of --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- and --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd. and R.sub.3 represents an azacyclic ring selected from the class consisting of 1-methyltetrahydropyridine, 1-methyl-3-pyrroline, quinuclidine, 2-tropidine and 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene.

Abstract: A class of anticholinergic drugs having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a carbocyclic or branched aliphatic group of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a branched or linear aliphatic group containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms with 1 to 2 olefinic or acetylenic bonds and R.sup.3 is an alkyl or cyclic group of 4 to 12 carbon atoms containing a tertiary amino nitrogen, are described.

Abstract: A method is provided for mining deep tar sand deposits which minimizes energy losses and surface subsidance due to cavity collapse. A well is sunk through the overburden and tar sands deposit into the bedrock below the deposit; the well is sealed and pressurized with steam and inert gas. Hot aqueous fluid is directed against the deposit to melt the tar and form a tar-sand-water slurry which is passed to a surface recovery plant. Pressure is maintained in the well sufficiently high to hold the overburden. Energy losses are minimized by maintaining the pressure both in the well and the surface plant above the boiling point of the water at the temperature used, which may be as high as 450.degree. F. or more, subsidence is prevented by keeping at least a 10 foot thick ceiling of tar sands throughout the operation, and by backfilling the well with an aqueous slurry of sand after mining operations are complete, before releasing pressure on the well.

Abstract: An electro-optical measuring system is described wherein a laser or light beam is precisely translated in a straight line perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the beam at a uniform, repeatable speed to define a time-varying sensing field whose energy is picked up by a photosensor which yields an output signal. An object whose dimension is to be measured is inserted in the field whereby the output signal of the photosensor takes the form of a pulse whose leading edge is developed by the traversal of the beam across one edge of the object, thereby blocking passage of the energy to the photosensor. The trailing edge is developed by the traversal of the beam across the opposite edge of the object thereby restoring the energy to the photosensor. The width or time duration of the pulse is a measure of the distance between the two edges.

Abstract: The settling problem in anti-foaming compositions for aqueous systems such as latex paint, which are based on dispersions of finely divided hydrophobic silica in nonaqueous media such as hydrocarbon liquids, is overcome by emulsifying the anti-foamer in water with the help of hydrophilic bentonite or similar colloidal clay. Surprisingly, the anti-foaming effect of the dispersed silica is increased by a factor of about 100%.

Abstract: A device for quantitative analysis of fluids which consists of a rigid, transparent tube containing a predetermined quantity of reagent and end-point indicator, evacuated and fitted with a valve which is suitable for sealing and for precisely controlling the entry of sample fluid so that upon immersion of the valve in the sample fluid and opening and closing it as desired, a quantity of sample fluid may be introduced to the tube and mixed with the reagent contained therein which is precisely the amount necessary to cause a visible change indicating complete neutralization of the reagent. The amount of material being analyzed for can then be ascertained by measuring the amount of sample fluid introduced and applying a simple mathematical formula.

Abstract: An electro-optical sensor is described which provides a high resolution measurement of the location of the edge of an object. By passing the electrical pulse produced by an edge sensor into a multiply tapped delay line the location of the edge of an object can be measured with high resolution.

Abstract: A dry composition is described which can be converted to an anti-sticking composition for unvulcanized rubber by dispersion in water, consisting essentially of a film forming clay (bentonite or attapulgite), a surfactant and an additive capable of inactivating calcium and magnesium ions (e.g. polyphosphate); optionally, there may be present a defoamer, and up to equal parts by volume, based on a film forming clay, of a filler to speed drying.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for the generation and display of interference patterns for the purpose of quantifying the distortion of either a surface or a transmitted wavefront. The invention comprises, in one embodiment, means to align the elements comprising the interferometer cavity, means to continuously magnify, i.e., zoom, the aperture diameter of the interference pattern, means to focus either the measured or limiting aperture onto the face of the vidicon, and means for transducing both the alignment spots and the interference pattern with a standard CCTV camera.

Abstract: Off gases from electric furnace production of phosphorus, consisting essentially of carbon monoxide and phosphine, are heated to 700.degree.-800.degree. C. to decompose the phosphine to red phosphorus and hydrogen; the red phosphorus is separated from the gas--most desirably by passing the gas through aqueous hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes the phosphorus to phosphoric acid,--to obtain a clean gas which can be used as a fuel.

Abstract: An electro-optical sensor is described which provides an output for precisely locating the centers of interference fringes in either a real-time interference pattern or an interferogram. By scanning the fringe pattern either by moving the fringe pattern, by effectively moving the photoelectric sensor, or both, the centers of the fringes can be rapidly and precisely determined from the first derive of the output of the photodetector.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are herein disclosed for measuring interference patterns and interferograms using a standard monochrome closed-circuit television camera. The invention comprises, in one embodiment, means for processing the video output signal of the CCTV camera to obtain the two-dimensional coordinates for an array of points located on the centers of the interference fringes in one TV frame. The fringe centers are determined from the first and second derivatives of the video output signal of the CCTV camera. The coordinates are then ordered based on their average values in one direction, and the ordered coordinates are then processed in a computer to provide the desired least-squares reduction of the fringe pattern.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are herein disclosed for use in conjuction with a standard monochrome closed-circuit television system for the generation, display, and manipulation of geometrical patterns upon the screen of the video monitor for the purpose of quantifying the irregularities in an interference pattern displayed on the screen of the video monitor. The invention comprises, in one embodiment, a control unit connected between the television camera and the video monitor of a standard closed circuit television system. The control unit includes the control means, switches, and electronic circuitry for the generation, manipulation, and control of video signals which are superposed onto the video signals from the camera and which are to be displayed on the screen of the video monitor.

Abstract: Flame retardancy is imparted to curable vinyl-unsaturated polymers such as unsaturated polyesters and diallyl and dimethallyl phthalates, by incorporating with them from about 5 to 50% of total copolymer weight of diallyl tetrabromophthalate, a monomer which copolymerizes with the unsaturated polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous, highly acidic solutions of hydrogen peroxide (pH under 2.0) containing iron contamination at the level of 30 to 30,000 ppm, are stabilized against undesired hydrogen peroxide decomposition by the dissolution therein of amino(methyl phosphonic acid)s or their soluble salts. Additional stabilizers are desirably used when other metallic contaminants are present.

Abstract: Patchwork is produced by preparing patch shapes each consisting of a sheet of relatively rigid material such as thin cardboard, adhering said patches to the fabric to be used for the patchwork with a strippable adhesive, cutting out the patches with a seaming edge as needed around the individual patches, sewing the patches together while maintaining the rigid material in contact to protect the fabric against wrinkling and soiling during the operation, and then stripping the rigid material with the adhesive adhering thereto. The method is facilitated by laying out the design on the thin cardboard carrying the strippable adhesive and a protective strippable backing; the design can then be cut into individual patches or the cardboard can be cut without cutting the backing layer, so that the individual cardboard patch patterns can be stripped from the design sheet and adhered directly to the fabric.

Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride compositions with heat-deflection temperatures of above 100.degree. C are obtained by combining suspension grade polyvinyl chloride with diallyl phthalate with or without an unsaturated polyester, and appropriate polymerization catalysts for the diallyl phthalate incorporating into the polymer and polymerizable additive high loadings of ground limestone, from about 40% to about 100% of the total weight of final polymer, and conventional stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: A composition is described for coating the inside surfaces of tire carcasses and other hollow rubber articles prior to curing so as to prevent adhesion between the carcass and the pressure bag during the cure stage, comprising a sprayable film formed from an aqueous dispersion containing about 40 to 50% of finely ground mica, a small amount of volatile hydrocarbon, about 4 to 10% of an alkyl acid phosphate and sufficient surfactant to keep the composition from separating.

Abstract: A storage-stable bleaching detergent composition is obtained by adding, to a typical solid detergent mix, sodium perborate or sodium carbonate peroxide as a bleaching agent, and from about 50% to about 100% of the weight of the sodium perborate of an activator of the group consisting of the acetylated adduct of nitromethane and cyclohexanone, and the acetylated adduct of nitromethane and cyclopentanone.