Abstract: A liquid coatings application process and apparatus is provided in which supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, are used to reduce to application consistency viscous coatings compositions to allow for their application as liquid sprays.

Abstract: Polycrystalline silicon rod capable of providing within no more than two floating zoning passes, unicrystalline silicon exhibiting a resistivity of at least 10,000 ohm-cm (donor) and a lifetime of at least about 10,000 milliseconds, exhibits a copper X-ray diffraction pattern having a peak at 26.85.degree..+-.0.25.degree. (2 theta) and has less than 15 ppta boron and less than 20 ppta phosphorus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a supported silver catalyst for the manufacture of ethylene oxide which contains a combination of (a) cesium and (b) at least one other alkali metal selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium, which combination comprises (a) and (b) in amounts in relation to the amount of silver therein sufficient to increase the efficiency of ethylene oxide manufacture to a value greater than the efficiencies obtainable under common conditions from respective catalysts which are the same as said catalyst except that instead of containing both (a) and (b), one contains the respective amount of (a), and the other contains the respective amount of (b). There is also described herein a process of making such catalyst and a process for producing ethylene oxide with such catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to catalysts for the manufacture of ethylene oxide, especially at commercial concentrations in the presence of carbon dioxide gas recycle, which contains impregnated silver on a support and a mixture of cesium salt and one or more alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts in which the anions thereof are halide or oxyanions of elements other than the oxygen therein having an atomic number of 7 or 15 to 83 and being from groups 3b through 7b, inclusive, and 3a through 7a, inclusive, of the Periodic Table of the Elements, at least a portion of said oxyanions are oxyanions of group 3b to 7b elements.

Abstract: A process and reaction vessel for producing alkyl nitrite is disclosed the process comprising (a) contacting nitric oxide, lower alcohol and oxygen in a reaction zone such that alkyl nitrite is formed, said reaction zone comprising a reactor section and a rectification section, (b) supplying a liquid scrubbing agent to an upper portion of the rectification section, (c) withdrawing a gaseous alkyl nitrite product stream from the upper portion of the rectification section, and (d) withdrawing a liquid stream from a lower portion of the reactor section. The reactor section provides intimate vapor-liquid contact sufficient to enhance the conversion of nitric oxide to alkyl nitrite and the rectification section provides sufficient vapor residence time to enhance conversion of oxygen, as well as sufficient rectification capabilities to reduce the amounts of water and nitric acid in the gaseous alkyl nitrite product stream.

Abstract: An improved fluidized bed reactor and a method for its use characterized by a variable thickness inert liner surrounding the fluidized bed reaction zone. Such liner generates heat that is transferred to the reaction zone. The heat is generated in the inert liner by passing an electrical current through the inert liner. The inert liner is thicker at the top than at the bottom and therefore more heat is generated at the bottom of the reaction zone than the top of the reaction zone due to the increased resistance of the thinner portions of the inert liner.

Abstract: An improved heated fluidized bed reactor and a method of heating such reactor wherein a means defining an annular heated fluidized bed reaction zone is heated by a first heat source supplying heat to the outer periphery of the fluidized bed reaction zone and a second heat source supplying heat to the inner boundary of the annular fluidized bed reaction zone. The present invention is useful for reactions carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, such as the pyrolysis of silane containing gas into silicon.

Abstract: A crystalline orthodontic bracket with enhanced tolerance to fabrication, installation and use is composed of zirconia, yttria, magnesia or strontium titanate.

Abstract: A process for producing and refining trisubstituted glycol monoesters, e.g., 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoester. The improvement resides in immediately distilling the crude condensation product mixture as it leaves the reactor before it has cooled or had any contact with added water.

Abstract: A process is provided for removing impurities from the gaseous product of an alkyl nitrite production zone by contacting a portion of it with lower alcohol and oxygen to convert substantially all of the nitric oxide in that portion of the gaseous product stream to alkyl nitrite, the oxygen being present in an amount such that the mole ratio of nitric oxide to oxygen is in the range of about 4:1 to about 2:1 and the lower alcohol being present in the reaction zone such that the mole ratio of nitric oxide to lower alcohol is about 1:1 or less. A recovery stream, comprising alkyl nitrite substantially free of nitric oxide, is withdrawn from the reaction zone and at least a portion of the alkyl produced in the reaction zone is removed. A least a portion of the balance of the recovery stream from which the alkyl nitrite has been removed is purged, thereby removing impurities from the process.

Abstract: Cyclic alkylene carbonates are produced by the homogeneous catalytic reaction of alkylene oxides with carbon dioxide during which process, polyglycols are formed. The catalyst is separated by distallation from the alkylene carbonate and is recycled to the reaction while associated with polyglycols. A purge stream is removed from the recycle to prevent an undue concentration of polyglycols in the reaction and catalyst is separated from the purge stream by acylation of the polyglycols enabling precipitation of the catalyst.

Abstract: The Figure of Merit of titanium-doped sapphire crystal article suitable for use as a tunable laser is enhanced by treating the article at a temperature of about 1750.degree. C. to 2025.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing at least about 20 volume percent hydrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and integrated process involving the utilization of a primary adsorption bed containing a regenerable, physical absorbent and an auxiliary sorption bed containing a chemisorbent and an optional physical absorbent for the removal of sulfur compounds and water from a fluid stream, which process provides for higher yields, higher purity and lower costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical process involving a processing step which is sensitive to the presence of at least one component contained within the stream to be processed. In particular, the present invention relates to an economical and efficient method of integrating the means for removing the deleterious component with the sensitive processing step by the use of a sorbent which is capable of removing the at least one deleterious component at sorption conditions which enables the stream to be in the vapor phase for subsequent introduction to the sensitive processing step which is also carried out in the vapor phase. Most preferably, the sorption conditions are substantially the same as the conditions within the sensitive processing step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical process involving a processing step which is sensitive to the presence of at least one component contained within the stream to be processed and to an economical and efficient method of temporarily removing such deleterious component from the stream so as to have the deleterious component by-pass the step which is sensitive to this component using an adsorbent for such removal wherein the adsorbent is regenerated by the product effluent stream leaving the sensitive processing step.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering polyester-grade ethylene glycol from crude ethylene glycol containing at least one component which has a normal boiling point below that of ethylene glycol, and which can form a UV absorber in the presence of ethylene glycol which comprises supplying to an ethylene glycol distillation system, preferably comprising a fractional distillation zone having an upper portion, a lower portion and an intermediate portion a crude ethylene glycol stream at a determined pH of less than about 7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new and integrated process involving the utilization of a primary adsorption bed containing a regenerable, physical adsorbent and an auxiliary sorption bed containing a chemisorbent for the removal of sulfur compounds from a fluid stream, which process provides for higher yields, higher purity and lower costs. A system for removing sulfur compounds in accordance with the above process is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical process involving a processing step which is sensitive to the presence of at least one component contained within the stream to be processed and to an economical and efficient method of temporarily removing such deleterious component from the stream so as to have the deleterious component by-pass the step which is sensitive to this component using an adsorbent for such removal wherein the adsorbent is regenerated by the product effluent stream leaving the sensitive processing step.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for producing ultra high purity polycrystalline silicon which process provides for increased production capacity and electrical power efficiency. The process comprises recycling the exhaust gases of the silane pyrolysis reactor after the gases have been preferably first cooled and filtered utilizing a pocket-type reaction zone enclosure having a particular effective radius thereby effectively decreasing the amount of silicon powder formation. Preferably, the rate of recycle flow is sufficient to entrain silicon powder in the reactor and remove the powder from the reactor with the exiting exhaust gases.

Abstract: Novel vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates comprising a cation having a hydrocarbyl-containing substituent are disclosed. The vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates can be reacted with water to yield alkylene glycols.