Abstract: A multi-component, waterproof, sock-type article is provided comprising a waterproof, non-elastic, non-stretch sole component having a heel portion and a toe portion, a waterproof, non-elastic, non-stretch calf component, the calf component being attached to and forming a seam with the sole component at the heel portion, a vamp component attached to and forming seams with the sole and calf components, the vamp component comprising a waterproof, breathable, elastic, stretchable material having stretchability of more than 70%, the calf component being tapered inwardly proceeding upwardly from the heel portion of the sole component, all seams in the article being sealed with a waterproof material.

Abstract: A two- or four-stroke internal combustion engine is provided having individual features and combinations of features not heretofore known which provide enhanced power, efficiency and braking performance compared to known engines.

Abstract: A wound dressing is provided comprising a layer of chitin affixed to a layer of porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The chitin may be laminated to the PTFE or it may penetrate into and be impregnated in the porous PTFE layer. The composite preferably has a pressure sensitive adhesive applied in a dot pattern on its surface to enable application and securing of the dressing over a wound.

Abstract: A cooling device is provided for use in cooling surrounding human tissue during hyperthermia treatment of a cancerous tumor. The device comprises at least one tube constructed of a fluororesin having continuous pores, such as porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, placed in a desired configuration adjacent the tissue to be cooled, and through which flows a coolant. Microwaves used in hyperthermia treatment of cancerous tumors can pass through the device and heat the tumor to be treated to a higher degree than heretofore possible because the adjacent noncancerous tissue can now be cooled. Because the tube is porous, the cooling effect is pronounced.

Abstract: An adaptor is provided for effecting a small radius-of-curvature bend in a relatively large diameter coaxial cable. The adaptor comprises a central, preferably plastic, bellows-like protective element, at either end of which is attached a connector for attachment externally to a relatively large diameter coaxial cable, each connector attached internally to a flexible, relatively small diameter coaxial cable which extends from one connector to the other connector through the protective bellows-like element. Because of the bellows-like element and the relatively small diameter of the flexible coaxial cable in the adaptor, a small radius-of-curvature effective bend in the relatively large diameter coaxial cable assembly can be achieved without significant transmission losses.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide for the transmission of electromagnetic waves is provided comprising a core of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), one or more layers of PTFE cladding overwrapped around the core, the core and/or cladding having mode suppression filters of an electromagnetically glossy material embedded therein, and an electromagnetic shielding layer covering the cladding. The mode suppression filters are preferably mica cards.

Abstract: A cap for containers used to store volatile liquids is provided characterized by a gas venting port formed in the main body of the cap which is attached to an opening in a container, a filter accomodation space which connects with the aforementioned gas venting port formed in the bottom surface of the main body of the cap, a channel formed in the central portion of a filter assembly installed in the aforementioned filter accomodation space, two hydrophobic porous filter membranes, one installed between the filter assembly and the aforementioned gas venting port and one installed over the innermost end of the aforementioned channel, whereby a liquid passageway is formed, and an aqueous liquid partly, but not completely, fills the interior of the assembly.

Abstract: A degassing tubular device is provided having an inner tube of a porous polymeric resin positioned inside an outer tube of a porous polymeric resin, and having a tube-form body formed from a porous polymeric film interposed between the inner and outer tubes, wherein the porous polymeric film has a mean pore size of 0.2 to 3.0 microns. The inner tube, outer tube and film are preferably all of porous polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: A delay line is provided for effecting a desired delay in the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the microwave and millimeter range of the spectrum. The line comprises a length L of a dielectric waveguide for transmission of electromagnetic waves comprising a core of polytetrafluoroethylene having one or more layers of polytetrafluoroethylene overwrapped around the core, wherein T=KL/c, in which T is the total time delay , c is the velocity of light in free space and K is the delay constant of the dielectric waveguide. Preferably, the delay line is overwrapped around a mandrel.

Abstract: A flexible base material for use in printed circuit boards is provided wherein a sheet of porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is impregnated with a bismaleimide-triazine resin, and the resin is cured therein. The sheet may be laminated to a glass cloth and composites may be produced having a multiplicity of layers of such sheets and glass cloths.

Abstract: As was described above, the present invention makes it possible to achieve a sufficient diminution of the effect of the water-repellent characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene used as a binding agent. Accordingly, the mixture ratio of polytetrafluoroethylene can be increased so that a sufficient film strength is obtained. Furthermore, a high foam pressure is obtained by forming a fine fibrilized net of polytetrafluoroethylene. Moreover, since the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene used is thus large, the molding characteristics of the product are favorable, and the yield can be increased. Accordingly, a highly reliable product can be obtained at a high yield. As a result, the present invention has the effect of improving the performance and reliability of the fuel cell as a whole, and of increasing the useful life and reducing the cost of the fuel cell. Accordingly, the present invention has great industrial merit.

Abstract: A printed circuit board is provided wherein a composite metal layer is affixed to at least one surface of a flexible dielectric substrate, the composite metal layer comprising an inner aluminum layer and an outer copper layer. Owing to the relatively high elongation of the aluminum layer, when the printed circuit board is flexed the circuit thereon does not crack.

Abstract: A printed circuit board base prepreg material is provided of a porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane or fabric impregnated with a polyimide resin varnish. Upon curing, a printed circuit board base material of porous, expanded PTFE impregnated with polyimide resin is provided. The base material of the invention may be laminated to a glass fabric to improve strength and dimensional stability.

Abstract: A phase-adjustable coaxial cable connector is provided. Phase adjustability is provided by means which increase or decrease the slack in a slackened portion of the center conductor of a coaxial cable which extends into the connector.

Abstract: A base material for use in making printed circuit boards is provided wherein minute fragments of expanded, porous polytetrafluoroethylene are uniformly mixed into another resin, and the mixture is compressed to form a composite board. In use, the board has an electrically conductive circuit affixed to at least one surface. The other resin may be epoxy, polyester or other similar resin. Laminates of such base board material affixed to a glass cloth or paper sheet may be prepared. The preferred fragment size range is 0.1 to 5 mm average diameter, and the preferred volume ratio of fragments to resin is 0.5 to 2.0.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for applying a sealing composition to a road surface. The apparatus includes supply means for the sealing composition and an applicator having a pressure chamber having adjustable-gap exit openings adjacent the road surface and having doctor blades which, when appropriately set, apply the composition to the road surface to a uniform and preset thickness across the width of the applicator. The apparatus includes means for propelling the applicator over a road surface.

Abstract: A process is provided for transfer printing into a substrate comprising applying onto a temporary transfer support in a desired pattern a heat transfer printing ink composition comprising a sublimatable dye, fine powder graphite and a strong acid in a carrier liquid, bringing the transfer support containing the ink into close contact with the substrate, the ink being in direct contact with the substrate, thereby temporarily transferring a portion of the ink to the substrate as a result of the direct contact, and permanently transferring the ink into the substrate by applying heat and, optionally, pressure. Suitable substrates into which the desired pattern may be transferred include paper, wood, plastic, natural cloth, synthetic cloth, carpet material, concrete, glass, metal such as steel, porcelain and ceramic.

Abstract: A multilayer printed circuit board is provided comprising a plurality of printed circuit boards laminated together, each board being separated from an adjacent board by a layer of a dielectric of porous, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The dielectric layer may have an adhesive on its surface(s) affixed as a layer or in a pattern of dots. Alternatively, an adhesive may be impregnated within the pores of the porous dielectric. In a preferred embodiment, the dielectric has additional openings or through holes in it, in additon to the pores of the porous dielectric.

Abstract: A temperature sensor is provided comprising an electrical temperature sensing element such as a thermistor and a pair of high-resistance conductors of conductive fluorocarbon resin which are electrically connected to the electrical temperature sensing element. The conductors of conductive fluorocarbon resin are disposed on opposite surfaces of a body of fluorocarbon resin. The electrical temperature sensing element may be sandwiched between the pair of high-resistance conductors. Alternatively, the temperature sensor comprises a temperature sensing element held in place and in electrical contact between a pair of conductive fluorocarbon sheets, the sheets being fused one to each side of an electrically insulative sheet of fluorocarbon resin, thereby forming a laminated composite in sheet form, the laminate being vertically separated along its longitudinal axis remote from the temperature sensing element, thereby providing a 4-lead temperature sensor.

Abstract: Dielectric materials having low dielectric constant are provided, the materials comprising fabrics impregnated with thermosetting resins, at least a portion of the fibers in the fabrics being fluorocarbon fibers. Also provided is a method of manufacture of these dielectric materials. The dielectric materials are useful in the fabrication of multilayer printed circuit boards.