Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making fluorinated polymers and copolymers having stable end groups. The process includes (1) contacting a fluoromonomer, an initiator capable of producing stable end groups on the polymer chain, and a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide, and (2) polymerizing the fluoromonomer. The polymerization medium preferably comprises liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Advantageously, the process may also include the step of separating the fluoropolymer from the polymerization medium. The present invention also provides polymerization reaction mixtures useful in the processes of the present invention.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 8, 1997
Date of Patent:
August 17, 1999
Assignee:
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Abstract: Salvia is regenerated via organogenesis using plant tissue culture techniques in a multistage culturing process. Roots can be induced from regenerated shoots, and the regenerated plants can be transferred to soil for further growth after the root system is well established.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 31, 1997
Date of Patent:
June 1, 1999
Assignee:
R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
Inventors:
Wennuan Liu, Gary Mark Hellmann, Richard Carlton Reich