Abstract: This invention provides a calcium product which can be absorbed into the living body at a high ratio and which is prepared by extracting calcium from ashes using an acidic aqueous solution, the ashes containing small amounts of oxalic acid and phytic acid and being obtained by calcination of sesame testae.

Abstract: A fixture is provided on a set probe and a hole of the set probe communicates with that of the fixture so that a measuring probe consisting of an optical fiber bundle is inserted in the holes. A measured object is irradiated with light from a forward end of the measuring probe, so that outgoing light from the measured object enters the measuring probe. An air pack for coming into contact with the measured object is provided on the forward end of the measuring probe in a position not hindering emission and incidence of light. The air pack is connected with a pressure sensor, so that an indicator reads the pressure.

Abstract: In continuous casting of steel strip, a casting pool of molten metal is supported on moving casting surfaces which are chilled to cause solidification of steel on the casting surfaces. The casting surfaces are textured by provision of parallel groove and ridge formations (11) defining V-shaped grooves (12) and ridges (13) with sharp edges (14). The depth (d) of the texture from ridge peak to groove root is in the range 5 to 50 microns and the pitch (p) between the grooves is in the range 100 to 250 microns. The casting surfaces may be peripheral surfaces of casting rolls of a twin roll caster.