Abstract: The present invention relates to inhibitors of p38, a mammalian protein kinase involved in cell proliferation, cell death and response to extracellular stimuli. The invention relates to compounds having the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R, R1, Q1, Q2, X, Y, Z, A, and n are as described in the specification. The invention also relates to methods for producing these inhibitors. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the invention and methods of utilizing those compositions in the treatment and prevention of various disorders.

Abstract: A wafer retainer includes: a foam layer capable of adsorbing a wafer on a surface thereof in a detachable manner; a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on a back face of the foam layer; a support formed on a back face of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on a back face of the support for adhering to a base plate of a polishing machine; and a release sheet releasably attached to the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes an adhesive composition. The adhesive composition contains a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a side-chain crystallizable polymer so that the side-chain crystallizable polymer is present in an amount of about 1% to about 30% by weight based on the adhesive composition.

Abstract: A polishing cloth includes: a polishing cloth substrate; a first-pressure adhesive layer formed on a back face of the polishing cloth substrate; as support formed on a back face of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; a second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on a back face of the support; and a release sheet releasably attached to the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes an adhesive composition. The adhesive composition contains a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a side-chain crystallizable polymer so that the side-china crystallizable polymer is present in an amount of about 1% to about 30% by weight based on the adhesive composition. The side-chain crystallizable polymer includes as a main component thereof an acrylic acid ester and/or methacrylic acid ester which has a straight-chain alkyl group including 16 or more carbon atoms as a side chain.

Abstract: A method for producing a compound represented by the general formula (I-A) or the general formula (I-B), comprising the following step: wherein R1 is an optionally substituted lower alkyl, and the like; R2 is a lower alkyl or an optionally substituted aralkyl, and the like: R3 is a lower alkyl, characterized in that a compound represented by the general formula (II-A) or the general formula (II-B) is treated with thionyl chloride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of covalently coupled benzoylecgonine, ecgonine and ecgonidine derivatives that are useful for alleviating the symptoms of immunoregulatory disorders, neuromuscular disorders, joint disorders, connective tissue disorders, circulatory disorders and pain. Accordingly, this invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for stimulating the growth of neurites in nerve cells. The compositions comprise a neurotrophic amount of a compound which binds to the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) and a neurotrophic factor, such as nerve growth factor NGF. The methods comprise treating nerve cells with the above-described compositions or compositions comprising the FKBP binding compound without a neurotrophic factor. The methods of this invention can be used to promote repair of neuronal damage caused by disease or physical trauma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical compositions for stimulating the growth of neurites in nerve cells. The compositions comprise a neurotrophic amount of a compound and a neurotrophic factor, such as nerve growth factor (NGF). The methods comprise treating nerve cells with the above compositions or compositions comprising the compound without a neurotropic factor. The methods of this invention can be used to promote repair of neuronal damage caused by disease or physical trauma.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions for stimulating the growth of neurites in nerve cells. The compounds and the compositions and methods that utilize them can be used, either alone or in conjunction with a neurotrophic factor, such as nerve growth factor, to promote repair of neuronal damage caused by disease or physical trauma.