Abstract: The present process for producing an organopolysiloxane is characterized in that the polymerization of an organosiloxane by using an alkali catalyst is carried out in the presence of a reversible dehydrating agent such as magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate or an irreversible dehydrating agent such as calcium oxide. According to this manufacturing process, there is a quite distinct mutual relation between the preset composition of the organopolysiloxane to be manufactured and the viscosity of the actually manufactured organopolysiloxane.