Abstract: Techniques are described for facilitating communication among a plurality of different telecommunications systems. Communications from a sending network are forwarded to a server that places the communications in a format acceptable to a second receiving network. The server maps an incoming message into any one or more of a variety of formats in accordance with a format acceptable by a receiving network. These communications may include, for example, short messages service (SMS) messages in which the sending and receiving telecommunications systems each have different routing information, such as different electronic addressing formats.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for applications such as signal processing, analysis, and coding/decoding replace digital signal processing elements with analog components. By combining soft logic gates and filters, the functionality of complex finite state machines can be implemented.