Abstract: 9-Amino-20(S)-camptothecin (I) is prepared by reducing 12-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin (II); converting the resulting 12-amino-20(S)-camptothecin (III) into a compound of formula (IV) wherein X is a group which can be reductively removed; reacting the compound of formula (IV) with a nitrating agent, to obtain thereby the corresponding 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin compound of formula (V) substituted at the 12-position by the group X; reducing in a single step the compound of formula (V), so obtaining the 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin of formula (I); or reducing the compound of formula (V), so obtaining the corresponding 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin compound of formula (VI) substituted at the 12-position by the group X and reductively removing the X group from the compound of formula (VI), so obtaining 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin.

Abstract: An end structure is provided for a coaxial connector where an exposed braided wire of a shield wire is press-fitted to a shield terminal. In the structure, the shield terminal includes a bottom par, a pair of half-box parts on both sides of the bottom part and a pair of press-fitting pieces for the braided wire. The parts are capable of plastic deformation to their closing position where their opposing end faces come into contact with each other. By closing the box part, an inner housing, an inner terminal and a part of exposed braided wire are covered with the shield terminal, while the braided wire is press-fitted to the pair of press-fitting pieces.

Abstract: A step portion is formed in an insulating layer provided between two opposing electrode layers outside a pixel electrode formation region, so that a projection portions are formed on the two electrode layers, wherein the shape of the projection portions of the electrode layers is of an electric-field concentration type to induce discharging between the opposing portions of the layers via the insulating layer.

Abstract: A modified titanium oxide sol obtained by treating an aqueous titanium oxide sol with a compound having a phase transfer activity.